Tazemmurt
Zzit i ṭṭabla, iqecwalen akked ṭṭib. Tunes tezga d yiwet seg tmura timeqqranin deg usuffeɣ n zzit n tzemmurt.
Tadamsa n Qarṭaǧ →
Qarṭaǧ · Tafellaḥt
Tamurt, ssɛaya-nniḍen
Qarṭaǧ mačči d abeḥri kan : igran-is n Cap Bon d Medjerda llan gar wid yesɛan lɣella tugar deg akk Lebḥer Alemmas.
28n yidlisen n tfellaḥt, yuran s tutlayt tapunikt.
146Qarṭaǧ teɣli, maca Asqamu aṛumi isuqel Magon ɣer talatinit.
Lqern wis 1Amassan n tfellaḥt Columelle isem-it-id « baba n tfellaḥt ».
Lkerma
Deg Cap Bon, ddaw n Kerkouane ; Magon iḥka-d amek yettwaẓẓu lkerma d amek yettwaxdem ccrab n ɛinab iqquren.
Irden
Iga n Medjerda ad uɣalen d axxam n yirden n Ṛuma.
D wayen-nniḍen
Ṛumman (« aẓiḍan apunik »)TazartTizizwitLmalPurpur
≈ 73 000 km²
n tmurt n Tefriqt ddaw tezmert n Qarṭaǧ, uqbel umennuɣ apunik amezwaru (Decret)
< 25 000 km²
deg 146 uq.Ɛ., deffir uzgen n lqern n yiɣurar n Massinissa (Decret)
½
n timegriwin yettwassutren i ifellaḥen ilibiyen deg umennuɣ apunik amezwaru (Polybe, I, 72)
310
Agathocle yers-d di Tefriqt yezger tamurt yeččuren d igran imeqqranen (Diodore, XX, 8)
Tamurt n tfellaḥt
Chôra n Qarṭaǧ
Imezruyen seqdacen awal agrigi chôra — « tudrin » — i tmurt n lexla i yečaten Qarṭaǧ. Tzad-d ɣef waṭas n Tunes n wass-a, tamurt yesɛan aṭas n waman, s wayes i d-tekka tfellaḥt tameqqrant ; Ṛuma a tt-isseqdec daɣen deg tmurt-is n Tefriqt (Decret).
Qarṭaǧ tfeṣṣel akken kra n lweqt : qrib i temdint, igran n lɣella n usuffeɣ ; ɣer da, irden i yeqqimen i ifellaḥen ilibiyen, i yettwassutren fell-asen lxraj. Deg lweqt n umennuɣ, azayaz n lxraj-agi yesnulfa-d tagrawla, am akken di 241 (Polybe, I, 71-72).
Asm i d-yers Agathocle n Syracuse di 310, iɛsekriyen-is faqen i tmurt n uṛtiyen d igran n ttjur yesswayen, n lvillat, n lkerma d tzemmurin, n lmal d yixxamen n yiɛudiwen : ta i d-yesbegen Diodore (XX, 8) d ccahada n zik yifen tiyaḍ ɣef lɣerba-agi.
Tiɣermiwin
Seg tigzirt ar yigan
Cap BonTigzirt n igran d tudrin am Kerkouane ; amkan n lɛibada n Thinissut d iẓekwan yettwaṣebɣen n Djebel Mlezza ḥekkun-d tudert n lexla-agi.
MedjerdaIga n Bagradas, s lqaɛa lqayen i yelhan i yirden : ul n uxxam n yirden n Ṛuma i d-iteddun.
EmporiaTimura ssɛayant n trawin n Syrte Tamectuḥt, i yesteqsa Massinissa ɣef Qarṭaǧ seg 193 (Tite-Live, XXXIV, 62).
146Tamurt i d-yeqqimen tuɣal d tamurt taṛumit n Tefriqt, i d-tbedd s fossa regia, lqenṭ i tt-ifaṣlen ɣef tgelda tanumidit.
Tifellaḥin d Lmal
Uṛtiyen n usuffeɣ, igran n yirden, lmal : tamurt n lexla n Qarṭaǧ tečat tamdint tefk-d daɣen i usuffeɣ.
Sețța n tfellaḥin
Ayen i ẓẓuɣen
- Irden — i akk tiddi n tmetti
- Tazemmurt — tettwasseḥsen s lgarsa
- Lkerma — ccrab d ɛinab iqquren
- Tazart — aẓiḍan yettwaten d amaynut neɣ iqqur
- Luz — tafellaḥt n uṛtu
- Ṛumman — « aẓiḍan apunik » (malum punicum) ɣer yiṛumaniyen
Ẓẓuriɛ-nsent usant-d seg Ccerq
Tafrant, asuffeɣ
Ẓẓuriɛ-agi ẓẓuɣent yakan s lmeɣres di Tefriqt Ugafa, maca Ifiniqiyen wwin-d ẓẓuriɛ yettwafernen. Aẓiḍan, aksum d ccrab ttawin-ten ɣer yimezdaɣ ssɛayanin, irden i yal yiwen. Kra n lɣella n tfellaḥt tapunikt ttwaf-iten armi d Grikya.
Lmal
Tamusni tilibit
Yimezdaɣ n tmurt zgan d bab n lmal seg zzman aqdim, s telqayt iɛudiwen, ifunasen d yiserdan (Polybe, XII, 3) — i d-ifkan tiɛudiwin, akked uzzal n umennuɣ d uksum.
IɛudiwenIfunasenIserdanUlli
Tirrayin n tfellaḥt
Tafellaḥt tapunikt
AdlisTirrayin n Qarṭaǧ llant gar wid ifazen aktar deg zzman aqdim : Ṛuma texdem-itent mi tesuqel Magon. Columelle iḥerz-d kra, gar-asen tarrayt n ssuɛmal n ccrab (De re rustica, XII, 39, 1-2).
Igran n TzemmurinẒẓuɣent akken i d-bennun ilugan, s telqayt deg lmijal gar ttjur — ilugan-agi mazal-iten ttwaḥerzen armi d ass-a.
LgarsaLgarsa n tzemmurt tsellek asali n lɣella n uṛtu.
IfeckaTugniwin n lmihrat sskanent-d ifecka yemgaraden aṭas ɣef tfellaḥt tilibit taqbuṛt (Decret).
Pour aller plus loinSources de cette page
7 références
Sources antiques
- Polybe, ImezruyenI, 71–72 ; XII, 3
- Diodore de Sicile, Lmaktaba n UmezruyXX, 8
- Tite-Live, Amezruy n ṚumaXXXIV, 62
- Columelle, Tafellaḥt (De re rustica)XII, 39, 1–2 — iḥerz-d kra n yiḥricen n Magon
- Magon, Adlis n Tfellaḥt — yeruḥ ; yettwassen s yiḥricen kan
Travaux modernes
- François Decret, Carthage ou l'empire de la mer, Seuil, 1977
- Wikipédia, Carthage ; Civilisation carthaginoise — CC BY-SA 4.0, agbur yettwabedlen