Qarṭaǧ

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Tasuddemt n tedyanin

Sebɛa iqrunen n umezruy

814 → 146

Seg users afiniqi armi d uṭṭef sɣur Ṛuma : izemzan imeqqranen n Qarṭaǧ, zzman s zzman.

32 tedyanin4 lawanat imeqqranen

Lawanat imeqqranen

Lawan aqdim814–550
Lawan n ddheb550–264
Imenɣan ipunikiyen264–201
Aṭṭef & tikemmilt201–146
814 send ƐisaTehri n yal lawan temsaɛdal akked tallit-is146 send Ɛisa
814–550 send Ɛisa

Lawan aqdim

Asers d tmɣuṛt n temdint. Qarṭaǧ tɛedda seg uxxam n ttjara afiniqi amecṭuḥ ɣer tezmert tagejdant n Lebḥer Ageraɣlan Lɣarbi, ɣer tama n uzeṭṭa ameqqran n tnazduɣin akked yixxamen n ttjara.

550–264 send Ɛisa

Lawan n ddheb

Zzman ameqqran n tezmert taqarṭaǧit : amagnu n lebḥer, imenɣan mgal Igrikiyen n Sicile, tafellaḥt yesɛan tamusni akked ttjara ɣer ddunit meṛṛa.

264–201 send Ɛisa

Imenɣan ipunikiyen

Amennuɣ ameqqran akked Ṛuma ɣef lḥekma n Lebḥer Ageraɣlan, yettwacarḍen s wayen i yexdem Hanibal Barka di Italya.

201–146 send Ɛisa

Aṭṭef & tikemmilt

Mbeɛd Zama, Qarṭaǧ tesɛa talalit tamaynut tadamsant yelhan aṭas. Deg 146, Ṛuma teṭṭef tamdint s telqey ; maca idles, tutlayt d wegdud apunik qqimen ddren.

Izemzan imeqqranen

Akk tudrisin n tudert →
814 – 264 send Ɛisa

Asers & tanejma

Seg tanazduɣt n Ṣur ɣer tezmert tamezwarut n lebḥer deg Lebḥer Ageraɣlan Lɣarbi.

  1. 814send Ɛisa

    Asers n Qarṭaǧ

    Tagellidt tafiniqit Didun (Elisa), i yerwlen seg Ṣur mbeɛd wenɣi n wergaz-is Acherbas sɣur gma-s Pygmalion, tesres Qarṭaǧ — Qart-Ḥadašt, « Tamdint tamaynut » — ɣef rrif n Tunisia n wassa. Tiɣilt n Byrsa tuɣal d ul n temdint. Azemz-agi yekka-d seg umesnezruy agrikan Timée ; idlal iqdimen akteṛ i yettwakecfen swayen seg tama tis sin n lqern wis 8 send Ɛisa.

    Asers →Didun →
    Turner — Didun tebna Qarṭaǧ
    Asers
  2. Lqern wis 7send Ɛisa

    Tanejma deg Lebḥer Ageraɣlan

    Qarṥaǧ tesres lxiwanat di Sardaigne, deg umalu n Sicile, di Jzayer Baléares — Ibiza (Ebusus) tettwasers azal n 654 akken i d-yeqqar Diodore — akked ɣer rrif n Tafrikt n ugafa. Tuɣal d tezmert tafiniqit tagejdant n Lebḥer Ageraɣlan Lɣarbi.

    Takarṭa s umussu →
    Tanejma
  3. 535send Ɛisa

    Amenɣi n Alalia

    Dduklen akked Yitruskiyen, Iqarṭaǧiyen nnuɣen ɣef lebḥer n Corse akked Igrikiyen n Phocée. Akken i d-yeqqar Hérodote, Iphocéens nɣelben maca xesren 40 seg 60 n lbabura-nsen ǧǧan tigzirt : tanyafit tsertant i Qarṭaǧ, tesḥebbes tanejma tagrikit deg Lebḥer Ageraɣlan Lɣarbi.

    Amenɣi
  4. 509send Ɛisa

    Amtawa amezwaru akked Ṛuma

    Akken i d-yeqqar Polybe, amtawa-agi n ttjara d uɛerraq ibedd s yimukan n lḥekma : lbabura iṛumaniyen ur zemren ara ad aɛḏun « Ucenfiṛ Ihlan », qrib Qarṭaǧ. Tagduda tamaynut tqebbel lḥekma n lebḥer tapunikt.

    Tadamsa →
    Tadiblumasit
  5. 480send Ɛisa

    Amenɣi n Himère

    Di Sicile, Hamilkar Umagoni yettwanɣi sɣur Gélon n Syracuse akked Théron n Agrigente. Aɣelli-agi yeḥbes deg waṭas n iseggasen tanejma taqarṭaǧit deg tegzirt, yesseɣli-d ismenyafen tisertiyin di Qarṭaǧ.

    Amenɣi
  6. Lqern wis 5send Ɛisa

    Tiklariyin n Hanun d Himilcon

    Hanun yeddu ɣef rrif n ugaraw n Tafrikt s lebḥer n imaẓlaḥ ; Himilcon yali ɣer rrif n ugaraw n Turuft. Taqsist n Hanun, yettwasuɣlen ɣer tegrikit, tewweḍ-aɣ-d.

    Hanun →Takarṭa s umussu →
    Tirza
  7. Lqern wis 5send Ɛisa

    Qarṭaǧ teḍfeṛ ɣer Tafrikt

    Akken i d-yeqqar Justin, Qarṭaǧ tettaɣ seg users-is ssuma n useggas i Yifrikiyen ɣef lqaɛa n temdint ; ddaw n Imagoniden, teḥbes lxellaṣ tṭṭef akal-is s leslaḥ. Ttwalin deg-s lmeɛna n Himère ; kra n yimesnezruyen smenyafen ad d-inin d amɣiwan bessif.

    Asers →
    Tafrikt
  8. 409–405send Ɛisa

    Tuɣalin ɣer Sicile

    Hanibal, mmi-s n mmi-s n Hamilkar, yehdem Sélinonte akked Himère (409). Yemmut s ṭṭaɛun zdat Agrigente, i yeṭṭef win i t-id-yeqbalen Himilcon (406). Talwit yettwagren akked Denys n Syracuse (405) d asteɛfu kan.

    Imenɣan ipunikiyen →
    Amenɣi
  9. 398–396send Ɛisa

    Denys n Syracuse mgal Qarṭaǧ

    Denys yeṭṭef Motyé, lqelɛa tapunit n ugmur n Sicile. Tiririt tapunit tewweḍ ɣer uḥeṛṣ n Syracuse, yettwakkes deg 396 ɣef ddemma n ṭṭaɛun. Amenɣi yuɣal yettḍerri deg sețța iseggasen.

    Amenɣi
  10. 348send Ɛisa

    Amtawa wis sin akked Ṛuma

    Akken i d-yeqqar Polybe (III, 24), yesmɣuṛ amḍiq ittwagdlen ɣef Iṛumaniyen armi d Mastia, di Hispanya, isekkeṛ-asen Sardaigne akked Libya.

    Imenɣan ipunikiyen →
    Tadiblumasit
  11. 310send Ɛisa

    Agathocle yekcem Tafrikt

    Ameɣbun n Syracuse yers ɣer Ras Addar, yettḥuddu Qarṭaǧ s telqey. Ittwarra-d ɣer deffir (307), maca teklal-agi tesken-d ddheṣṣa n tmurt tafrikant n temdint.

    Amenɣi
  12. 306send Ɛisa

    « Amtawa n Philinos »

    Akken i d-yeqqar umesnezruy Philinos n Agrigente, Ṛuma d Qarṭaǧ gedlent iman-nsent, yiwet Sicile, tayeḍ Italya. Polybe yenkar belli amtawa-agi yella ; Tite-Live yeqqar-d tuɣalin n lemɛahda deg useggas-agi. Tamsalt tettwamseyya ar ass-a.

    Imenɣan ipunikiyen →
    Tadiblumasit
  13. 279send Ɛisa

    Timsalt mgal Pyrrhus

    Ṛuma akked Qarṭaǧ gallant ad ɛawant yiwet tayeḍ mgal Pyrrhus, agellid n Épire (Polybe, III, 25). D amtawa-nsent aneggaru send umenɣi.

    Tadiblumasit
  14. 278–276send Ɛisa

    Pyrrhus di Sicile

    Yettusawel sɣur Igrikiyen n Sicile, Pyrrhus yeṭṭef qrib akk amalu apunik, maca yerreẓ zdat Lilybée yeffeɣ tigzirt. Akken i d-yeqqar Plutarque, yettwali deg-s yakan amḍiq n umenɣi n Ṛuma d Qarṭaǧ.

    Imenɣan ipunikiyen →Ilfan →
    Amenɣi
264 – 201 send Ɛisa

Imenɣan ipunikiyen

Sețța iɣerdayen n umenɣi mgal Ṛuma, seg Sicile armi d Zama, s yisali n Hanibal di Italya.

  1. 264–241send Ɛisa

    Amenɣi apunik amezwaru

    Amennuɣ ameqqran amezwaru gar Ṛuma d Qarṭaǧ, ɣef Sicile. Mbeɛd 23 iseggasen n umenɣi n lebḥer d wakal, yefra s uɣelli n Tegzirin n Égates (241), Qarṭaǧ texsar Sicile ; Ṛuma tuɣal d tezmert n lebḥer.

    Imenɣan ipunikiyen →
    Amenɣi apunik
  2. 241–238send Ɛisa

    Amennuɣ n Iɛeskriyen Uqeṛḍasen

    Iɛeskriyen ur ittwaxelṣen ara kkren-d, dduklen-d yid-sen amur n Ilibikiyen. Hamilkar Barka yeḥṛes-iten mbeɛd umenɣi aqsiḥ, i yesbedden tazmert n twacult n Barka. Ṛuma teṭṭef ɣef teklal-agi iwakken ad teṭṭef Sardaigne akked Corse.

    Hamilkar Barka →
    Amenɣi adaxli
  3. 237–228send Ɛisa

    Hamilkar yettaɛ Hispanya

    Iwakken ad yerr lexsas, Hamilkar Barka yeddu ad yettaɛ tigzirt n Hispanya, tarikt deg nnuqra, yesres Akra Leukè. Mmi-s Hanibal, 9 iseggasen, yedda yid-s mbeɛd ma yegall zdat umnar ur ad yili d amddakel n Ṛuma.

    Hamilkar Barka →Hanibal →
    Tanyafit
  4. 221send Ɛisa

    Hanibal yeṭṭef lqiyada

    Mbeɛd wenɣi n Hasdrubal Ucbiḥ — argaz n yelli-s n Hamilkar akked umesles n Carthagène —, lɛesker n Hispanya ssawlen i Hanibal Barka, 26 iseggasen, d anezwi ameqqran.

    Hanibal →
    Taneɣlaft
  5. 219send Ɛisa

    Aḥeṛṣ n Sagonte

    Hanibal yeḥreṣ yeṭṭef, mbeɛd ṭsam wagguren, Sagonte, tamdint tiberiyen tamddakelt n Ṛuma. Teklal-agi tesnulfa amenɣi apunik wis sin, ameqqran akteṛ deg umezruy aqdim.

    Hanibal →
    Amenɣi apunik
  6. 218send Ɛisa

    Tizgart n Idurar n Alpes

    Hanibal yeffeɣ Hispanya s 50 000 n yiɛeskriyen n uḍar, 9 000 n yineggafen akked 37 n ilfan, yezger Idurar n Pyrénées, yezger unzul n Gaule syen Idurar n Alpes deg 15 wussan. Akken i d-yeqqar Polybe, ur yewweḍ ara ɣer Italya ala s 20 000 n yiɛeskriyen n uḍar akked 6 000 n yineggafen.

    Hanibal →Ilfan →
    Leutemann — Hanibal yezger Idurar n Alpes
    Lxedma tapesskart
  7. 218send Ɛisa

    Tessin d Trébie

    Tinyafiyin tiamezwura di Italya. Deg Tessin, ineggafen n Hanibal nɣelben wid n ukunsul Scipion. Deg Trébie, tuffra i d-yesnulfa Magun, gma-s n Hanibal, teṭṭef lɛesker n Sempronius Longus seg deffir.

    Tirrategin →Magun Barka →
    Tanyafit
  8. 217send Ɛisa

    Ilel n Trasimène

    Yiwet seg tuffuriyin timeqqranin n umezruy aɛesskari : Hanibal yesselkam lɛesker n ukunsul Flaminius ɣer rrif n ilel, deg usigna. 15 000 n Iṛumaniyen ttwanɣan, ula d ukunsul s yiman-is. Ṛuma tella deg tugdi tameqqrant.

    Tirrategin →
    Ilel n Trasimène
    Tanyafit
  9. 216send Ɛisa

    Amenɣi n Cannes

    S lɛesker idrus ɣef win n Ṛuma, Hanibal yezzi yehlek 8 llejyunat tiṛumaniyin (azal n 50 000 ɣer 70 000 n lmut). Azzel-agi s snat tama-s mazal-it yettwaɣren deg tesdawiyin tipesskariyin.

    Tirrategin →Hanibal →
    Tamettant n Paul Émile di Cannes
    Lexdima tapesskart tazwarant
  10. 207send Ɛisa

    Hasdrubal deg Métaure

    Hasdrubal Barka yezger daɣen Idurar n Alpes iwakken ad yaweḍ ɣer gma-s s tallalt n Hispanya. Yettwaṭṭef deg Métaure, yettwanɣa ; Iṛumaniyen gren aqerru-s deg uɛessas n Hanibal.

    Hasdrubal Barka →
    Aɣelli
  11. 203send Ɛisa

    Asawel n Hanibal

    Scipion yers ɣer Tafrikt (204). Syphax, agellid anumidi amddakel n Qarṭaǧ, yettwaṭṭef ; tameṭṭut-is Sofonisba textar times ɣef ma tettunefk i Ṛuma. Magun Barka yemmut s lǥerḥ-is mi d-yuɣal seg Italya, Hanibal yettusawel mbeɛd xemsṭaεac iseggasen n umenɣi.

    Sofonisba →Magun Barka →
    Lḥala tbeddel
  12. 202send Ɛisa

    Amenɣi n Zama

    Scipion, yeddukel akked Unumidi Masinisa, yennuɣ akked Hanibal qrib Zama. Tirrategin n Hanibal ttwarran-d fell-as : Qarṭaǧ texsar amenɣi tettwaḥettem ad teqbel tiwtilin n talwit yessukksen.

    Hanibal →Imenɣan ipunikiyen →
    Amenɣi n Zama, tugna n Cornelis Cort
    Aɣelli yettwaḥetmen
201 – 146 send Ɛisa

Aɣelli

Talwit n win yettwanyifen, talalit tadamsant, syen amennuɣ wis krad akked uṭṭef n temdint.

  1. 201send Ɛisa

    Talwit n win yettwanyifen

    Qarṭaǧ tettuḥettem ad texles 10 000 n ttalan deg 50 n iseggasen, ad tefk ilfan-is, ad tessemẓi lebḥer-is ɣer mraw n lbabura, akked ur tettnaɣ ara war laṣel n Ṛuma.

    Imenɣan ipunikiyen →
    Tadiblumasit
  2. 196–195send Ɛisa

    Hanibal d asufet

    Yettwafren d asufet, Hanibal yeṣṣeḥḥa idrimen n temdint, yeg lameṛ n yimḥekmen n Tegrawt n Meɛa-ṛebɛa ad yettwaǧdeḏ aseggas s aseggas. Temdint tesɛa talalit tadamsant yelhan aṭas. Yettwamle i Ṛuma sɣur yiɛdawen-is, ittuḥettem ad yeffeɣ ɣer Ccerq (195).

    Hanibal →Tadamsa →
    Tiẓyawt
  3. 183send Ɛisa

    Tamettant n Hanibal

    Yezdeɣ ɣer igelliden ihelenistiyen, yettwaḥuddu sɣur Ṛuma, Hanibal yesserɣ iman-is deg Libyssa, di Bithynie, iwakken ur ittunefk ara.

    Hanibal →
    Tuffra
  4. 151send Ɛisa

    Lexlaṣ aneggaru

    Qarṭaǧ tfukk axleṣ n lxedima n umenɣi-ines teṭṭef leslaḥ mgal tikcumin n Masinisa. Di Ṛuma, anida Caton yettales « Carthago delenda est », ttwalin deg-s arrez n lemɛahda.

    Aṭṭef n Qarṭaǧ →
    Aɛnaq
  5. 149–146send Ɛisa

    Amenɣi apunik wis krad

    Qarṭaǧ tefka leslaḥ-is, syen Ṛuma tessuter i yimezdaɣ-is ad ǧǧen tamdint ad zedɣen ɣer lebɛid n lebḥer. Ugin : iteddu uḥeṛṣ n krad iseggasen, armi d ukeččum n Scipion Émilien ɣer temdint.

    Aṭṭef n Qarṭaǧ →
    Amenɣi apunik
  6. 146send Ɛisa

    Aṭṭef n Qarṭaǧ

    Deg tafsut, Scipion Émilien yerẓ leḥras ; sețța wussan n umenɣi deg iberdan wwḍen armi d Byrsa. Tamdint tettwasserɣ, wid i d-yeqqimen ttwazenzen d aklan, tamurt tuɣal d tamnaḏt taṛumanit n Tafrikt.

    Tamawt tasenfarrutant — Ikecfan n Byrsa sbeggnen-d taglift n times n 146, ddaw-as ixxamen ipuniyen țwaḥerzen. Lmelḥ i yeẓẓan ɣef lxrab d tamacahut tatrart ; Ṛuma tesres daɣen Qarṭaǧ deg umḍiq-nni lqern mbeɛd.

    Aṭṭef n Qarṭaǧ →Amezruy n yimerbaḥ →
    Aṭṭef sɣur Ṛuma
Mbeɛd 146

Tamdint tettlal-d tikkelt-nniḍen

122 send ƐisaCaius Gracchus yeεreḍ ad yesres deg umḍiq-agi tanazduɣt taṛumanit n Junonia : lmeqsud yerreẓ.
44–29 send ƐisaYettwaḥudd sɣur César, asers-nni-nniḍen yettwakemmel ddaw n Auguste : Colonia Iulia Concordia Carthago tuɣal d tamanaḏt n Tafrikt taṛumanit.
Lqern wis 5 mbeɛd ƐisaAugustin yeqqar-d belli tapunikt mazal-itt yettwamsel deg tuddar n Tafrikt.
1979Amḍiq asenfarrutan n Qarṭaǧ yettwajerred deg lwert agraɣlan n UNESCO.
Iɣbula

Amezruy i d-yeḥka Ṛuma

Qrib akk izemzan-agi d-kkan seg yimeskaren igrikiyen akked iṛumaniyen — Polybe, Tite-Live, Appien. Tasenfarrut tezmer ass-a ad ten-temsefham akked igr i ǧǧan Iqarṭaǧiyen s yiman-nsen.

Amezruy n yimerbaḥ →Qarṭaǧ d Tunisia →
Pour aller plus loin

Sources de cette page

11 références

Sources antiques

  1. Hérodote, ImezruyenI, 166 — amenɣi n Alalia
  2. Timée n Tauroménion — adlis yeruḥen ; azemz n users (814) i d-yekka seg tmacahut
  3. Polybe, ImezruyenIII, 22–26 ; III, 56 — lemɛahda ger Ṛuma d Qarṭaǧ, « amtawa n Philinos », lɛesker n Hanibal di Italya
  4. Diodore n Sicile, Axxam n yidlisen n umezruyV, 16 — asers n Ebusus (Ibiza)
  5. Tite-Live, Amezruy aṛumaniIX, 43 — tuɣalin n lemɛahda deg 306
  6. Justin, Agzul n Imezruyen Ifilibiyen n Trogue PompéeXVIII–XIX — ssuma yettwafken i Yifrikiyen
  7. Plutarque, Tudert n Pyrrhus23
  8. Appien, Libyca — amenɣi apunik wis krad akked uṭṭef n 146
  9. War isem, Tiklarit n Hanun
  10. Augustin n Hippone — tapunikt mazal-itt tedder deg lqern wis 5 mbeɛd Ɛisa

Travaux modernes

  1. Wikipédia, Carthage ; Civilisation carthaginoise — CC BY-SA 4.0, agbur yettwasegmi

Toute la bibliographie →Glossaire →

Ɣer daɣen

814 send Ɛisa

Asers

Elisa, aglim n uzger akked talalit n Qart-Ḥadašt.

149 – 146 send Ɛisa

Aṭṭef n Qarṭaǧ

Aḥeṛṣ, aɣelli n Byrsa akked wayen d-sbeggnen ikecfan.

Takarṭa s umussu

Qarṭaǧ akked Lebḥer Ageraɣlan

Timura seg 814 armi d 146, tikli n Hanibal, tirzan akked imdukkal.