Qarṭaǧ

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Tamezruyt · At Barca
~243 – 203 uq.Ɛ.

Magon Barca

Amecṭuḥ n At Barca, aqayed n tillas

Mmi-s amecṭuḥ n Hamilcar, yella deg akk imukan n umennuɣ : lkamin n Trébie, ammas n Cannes, ɛecra n iseggasen n umennuɣ di Hispania, Baléares, syen amennuɣ wis sin di Ligurie. Yemmut deg lebḥer di 203, mi t-id-ssawlen ad ixdem ɣef Qarṭaǧ.

Umennuɣ n Cannes
Cannes, 216 uq.Ɛ. : Magon yennuɣ deg ammas akked Hannibal
2 000

n yergazen yeffren deg webrid n waman i lkamin n Trébie (218)

8

n llejyunat Taṛumit yettwaṭṭfen deg lkamin di Cannes (216)

~10 iseggasen

n umennuɣ di Hispania (215 – 206)

14 000

n yergazen i d-yersen di Ligurie di 205 : 12 000 iɛsekriyen n uḍar, 2 000 lfursan

Izmaz

Tudert deg umennuɣ

~243Talalit — Mmi-s wis tlata, amecṭuḥ, n Hamilcar Barca, yettwaselmed seg tmectuḥt deg iqamen n lɛesker n Hispania ɣer tama n watmaten-is.
218Idurar n Alpes — Yeddan d Hannibal seg Hispania armi d Italya.
218Trébie — Deg Dujember, isegged-d lkamin i d-yeṭṭfen llejyunat n Sempronius seg deffir.
217Iswam n Arno — S lxiyala tanumidit, yeqqim deg tagara n webrid akken ur ffiren ara Yigaliyen deg tɛeddawt n iswam.
216Cannes — Ineɣlid ammas akked Hannibal (Polybe) : izirig i d-yeţuɣalen ɣer deffir war ma yerreẓ, armi tḥuza tzemert-nsen.
216/215Qarṭaǧ — Yusa-d ad yemmel asuref i Usqamu, isseɣli-d ɣef tewwurt n uxxam-is ẓẓyuṛ n ddheb n lfursan iṛumaniyen yettwanɣan.
215–206Hispania — Yettwazen ɣer Hispania deg umkan n Italya, inneɣ dinna ɣer tama n gma-s Hasdrubal akked Hasdrubal Giscon ; deg 211, sin Scipion ttwanɣan deg nnig n Bétis.
206Ilipa, Gadès, Baléares — Deffir nnehzi n Ilipa, yuɣal ɣer Gadès, ur yezmir ara zdat Carthagène, syen yuɣal ɣer Baléares, yeqqim di Minorque armi d tafsut.
205Ligurie — Yers-d di Gênes s 12 000 iɛsekriyen n uḍar d 2 000 lfursan, yeldi amennuɣ wis sin di Ugafa n Italya.
203Lǧerḥ d Tmettant — Yettwanneɣ deg Insubrie, yejreḥ deg uḍar, ssawlen-as-d ɣer Tefriqt yerna yemmut s lǧerḥ-ines deg lebḥer, rrif n Sardaigne.

Ɣer tama n Hannibal

Seg 218 ar 216, Magon d amɛawen-nni iqeṛben ɣer gma-s aktar.

Trébie · Dujember 218

Lkamin n webrid n waman

Hannibal yufa gar sin iqamen abrid n waman s tamrarit ɛlayen, teččuṛ d iẓuran. Yeffer dinna deg yiḍ Magon akked 1 000 iɛsekriyen n uḍar d 1 000 lfursan yettwafernen seg wid ifazen deg lɛesker.

Deg tnafa, lxiyala tanumidit tesnuɣ Iṛumaniyen, i yezgren Trébie yeqqcucen war ma ččan. Mi d-yebda umennuɣ, Magon yeffeɣ-d seg deffir n llejyunat : lɛesker n Sempronius yeɣli.

Tirrayin tipunikiyen →
Cannes · 2 ɣuct 216

Deg ammas n uqerruy

Di Cannes, Magon ineɣlid akked Hannibal ammas n uzirig — Igaliyen d Ibériyen — i d-yeţuɣalen s lebɣi war ma yerreẓ, iserreḥ i tzemert tapunikt a d-tḥuz tmanya n llejyunat Taṛumit : nnehzi aheggan aktar deg umezruy n Tagduda.

« Magon, gma-s, ameẓyan, iččuṛ d urrif, yettwaselmed seg tmectuḥt di ṣṣnaɛa n umennuɣ. »

Polybe, Imezruyen, III, 71 — Hannibal ifren-it i lkamin n Trébie
Qarṭaǧ · ccetwa 216/215

Ẓẓyuṛ n ddheb n Cannes

Magon yusa-d ad yemmel asuref i Usqamu n Qarṭaǧ. S ubeggen, isseɣli-d ɣef tewwurt n uxxam n Usqamu ẓẓyuṛ n ddheb i d-ţwakksen i lmeyyutin n lfursan iṛumaniyen, aɛlam n yiwdan ifazen n Ṛuma.

Asqamu yefka tiwtilin i Hannibal — lxiyala tanumidit, lfyal, idrimen — yerna isserseg Magon ad d-yesnejmaɛ iɛsekriyen imaynuten. Maca nnehzi n Hasdrubal di Dertosa ibeddel lexyal : deg 215, Magon akked yiɛsekriyen-ines ṛuḥen ɣer Hispania, mačči ɣer Italya.

3 ½

n lmakyal n ẓẓyuṛ, akken i d-qqaṛen kra n yimeskaren ; Tite-Live iḥesb belli ur tugar ara « yiwen n lmakyal » (XXIII, 12).

Tiririt n Hannon

Hannon, aqayed n ugraw i yemgaraden ɣef At Barca, iḍseḍs : ma Hannibal d amenɛam, acuɣer i d-isseḥsay irgazen d idrimen ? (Tite-Live, XXIII, 13)

Ɛecra n Iseggasen di Hispania

Seg 215 ar 206, Magon yennuɣ akken ad iḥrez lqaɛa n At Barca zdat Scipion.

215 – 206

Bab n usnejmaɛ n lɛesker, Magon iḥareb-d ul n At Barca di Hispania. Isseddukel-d tiwtilin, iḥerz tiddukla gar lɛerucat, yerna di 211, akked Hasdrubal Giscon d ugellid amecṭuḥ anumidi Massinissa, yesseɣli lɛesker n Publius Scipion deg nnig n Bétis.

Maca mmi-s n Publius, win ara d-yilin d Scipion Afriqan, yeṭṭef Carthagène di 209 yerna yesseɣli di 206 di Ilipa lɛesker n Magon d Hasdrubal Giscon — 70 000 iɛsekriyen n uḍar, 4 000 lfursan d 32 lfyal, akken i d-yeqqaṛ Polybe. Hispania tapunikt teɣli.

Deffir asm i yuɣal ɣer Gadès, Magon issay ad yeṭṭef Carthagène, ur izmir ara. Mi d-yuɣal, Gadès tgenn-as-d tiwwura ; issufeɣ-d isufiten-is ɣer beṛṛa, yesleb-iten ɣef ttejra.

Iẓekwan ipunikiyen n Puig des Molins di Ibiza
Iẓekwan ipunikiyen n Puig des Molins, di Ibiza (Ebusus) : tamdint tapunikt tesseɣli i Magon lqut di 206.
Win Ikkaten s Iẓra n Baléares
Win Ikkaten s Iẓra n Baléares : ikettayen n Majorque sserrḥen lebḥeṛ n Magon.
Ccetwa 206/205

Ebusus, Majorque, Minorque

Magon iṣafer ɣer Baléares. Ebusus (Ibiza), tamdint tapunikt, teqbel-it tessaɣ-as-d lqut. Di Majorque, wid ikkaten s iẓra, ugaren wiyaḍ di Lebḥer Alemmas, ggten asers n lɛesker.

Di Minorque, yers-d, isnejmaɛ 2 000 iɛawanen i d-yettwazen ɣer Qarṭaǧ, yeqqim deg tegzirt armi d tafsut. Tamsirt teqqaṛ-d belli isem n Mahón (Portus Magonis) yusa-d seg isem-is.

205 – 203 · amennuɣ wis sin

Ligurie, syen Lebḥer

Deg tafsut n 205, Magon yers-d ɣef trawin n Ligurie s 12 000 iɛsekriyen n uḍar d 2 000 lfursan, yeṭṭef Gênes, yedukkel akked igduden ligur d yigali. Qarṭaǧ tazen-as-d tiwtilin. Lexdima-s : ad yeǧǧ Ṛuma ad tferreq llejyunat-is deg lweqt i deg Scipion iheggi aṭṭef n Tefriqt, akked ad yezwir ɣer Hannibal, yettwaṭṭfen deg Bruttium.

Deg 203, inneɣ di Insubrie mgal lpretur Quinctilius Varus d lproconsul Cornelius Cethegus. Yejreḥ deg uḍar, yeffeɣ. Ssawlen-as-d Asqamu yellan deg leḥzen akken ad ixdem ɣef Qarṭaǧ i yesnekra Scipion, yeṭṭef lebḥer ɣer Tefriqt maca yemmut s lǧerḥ-ines deg lebḥer, rrif n Sardaigne, war ma yuɣal ad iwali tamurt-is.

Cornelius Nepos yeḥka-d tanfaliyin-nniḍen i t-yesskanen yemmut ɣer deffir, neɣ deg lmeṛkeb i yerreẓen deg lebḥer, neɣ i t-yenɣan yiklan-ines s yiman-nsen.

GênesSavoneInsubrieSardaigne
Ssekka n At Barca s lfil
Ssekka n At Barca s lfil. Deg 205, Qarṭaǧ tazen i Magon 6 000 iɛsekriyen n uḍar, 800 lfursan d 7 lfyal (Tite-Live, XXIX, 4).
Tiseddawiyin n Umezruy

Ayen ur yelli ara Magon

  • Mačči « aneggaru n At Barca » : gma-s ameqqran Hannibal yedder deffir-s ɛecrin iseggasen, armi d 183.
  • « Lkamin » yemlalen d yisem-is mačči win n Cannes, maca win n Trébie (218) ; di Cannes, inneɣ deg ammas.
  • Imennuɣen-is di Hispania ur bdant ara di 210 : yewweḍ dinna seg 215 yeqqim armi d 206.
  • Ur ilaq ara a t-nemslay d Magon Afellaḥ, ameskar aqarṭaǧi n wedlis n tfellaḥt s 28 yidlisen.
Agla

Asefdi afellan

I At Barca, Qarṭaǧ mačči d tamdint kan : d lwaǧeb iqedsen. Seg Hamilcar ar Magon, yal yiwen yefka tudert-is i tudert n tmurt. Magon yemmut deg lebḥer asmi d-yuɣal ad tt-iḥadeṛ.

Isem-is yeqqim yedukkel akked Minorque, anda axxam n Mahón i t-yesɛan akken i qqaṛen, akked ẓẓyuṛ n ddheb n Cannes, d aɛlam n yiwdan ifazen n Ṛuma i yeɣlin.

Magon Afellaḥ, Magon-nniḍen →
Pour aller plus loin

Sources de cette page

5 références

Sources antiques

  1. Polybe, ImezruyenIII, 71 — Trébie, Cannes, Ilipa
  2. Tite-Live, Amezruy n ṚumaXXIII, 12–13 ; XXIX, 4 — ẓẓyuṛ n Cannes, tiririt n Hannon, tiwtilin n 205
  3. Cornelius Nepos, Tudert n Hannibal — tanfaliyin-nniḍen ɣef tmettant-is

Travaux modernes

  1. Yann Le Bohec, Histoire militaire des guerres puniques, 2003 — adlis n lqima (tabibliyugrafit n usmel)
  2. Serge Lancel, Carthage, 1992 — adlis n lqima (tabibliyugrafit n usmel)

Toute la bibliographie →Glossaire →

Twacult n At Barca

Akk Imdanen →
Baba-s · ~275 – 229/228

Hamilcar Barca

Ur yettwanɣi ara di Sicile, amenɛam ɣef Yimirsinariyen, yeṭṭef Hispania.

Ɣeṛ tamezruyt →
Gma-s ameqqran · 247 – 183

Hannibal Barca

Idurar n Alpes, Trasimène, Cannes, syen Zama.

Ɣeṛ tamezruyt →
Gma-s d wexdim-is

Sin Hasdrubal

Hasdrubal Barca, yemmuten di Métaure, akked Hasdrubal Ucebḥan, win i d-yesnulfan Carthagène.

Ɣeṛ tamezruyt →
Tirrayin tipunikiyen →Takarṭa Yettbeddilen →