Enya iḥekku i Didun lmihanat n Tṛuya, sɣur Pierre-Narcisse Guérin — P.-N. Guérin, Enya iḥekku i Didun lmihanat n Tṛuya (1815)

Tagellidt tasersayt · Ṣur → Qarṭaǧ

Lqern wis 9 send Ɛisa · asers ɣer 814

Elisa-Didun

Tagellidt n Ṣur, trewl tesers : tagellidt tafiniqit i yesnulfan seg unebɣi n texriǧ talalit n temdint — Qart-Ḥadašt, « Tamdint tamaynut ».

814

send Ɛisa : azemz n users yeqbel sɣur Timée

tullas n Chypre ṣuffɣent ɣer Afrika (Justin)

aglim n uzger i uẓi n tɣilt n Byrsa

668

iseggasen n Qarṭaǧ tapunit, armi d 146 send Ɛisa

Isem-is afiniqi

Elisa

D isem i s-fkan Timée d Justin, ammas d asuɣel n yisem afiniqi. Tunsiyen semman-as ass-a Elisa (عليسة).

Isem-is wis sin

Didun

Akken i d-yeqqar Timée, Ilibikiyen semman-as Deidô, « tirurit », ɣef ddeɛwa n tikliwin-is iɣezfen. D isem-agi i yeqbel Virgile.

Abdar n wussan

Tudert, seg Ṣur armi d Byrsa

ṢurTagellidt tameẕyant — Yelli-s n ugellid Mutto (Bélus ɣer Virgile), weltma-s n Pygmalion. Agellid yeǧǧa akersi i sin warraw-is ; agdud yefka-t i Pygmalion, mazal-it d aqcic.

ZwaǧAcherbas — Elisa tezweǧ xali-s Acherbas (Sychée ɣer Virgile), ameqqran n ikahinen n Melqart — Hercule n Ṣur —, d wis sin deg tgelda mbeɛd agellid.

LǥerimaPygmalion — Yettraǧu ayla n Acherbas, Pygmalion yesnɣa-t.

ArewlTiḥerci n lmal — Elisa tesken-d belli teqbel, tsers ddheb ɣef lbabura akked imeqqranen n Ṣur, tegr ɣer lebḥer icwalen n ṣṣabla i d-qqaren d lmal : ibaɛɛaten n ugellid, uggaden, ḍefṛen-tt.

ChypreAslaka — Akahin n tegzirt yedda yid-s akked twacult-is, mgal lɛahed n lkahna yettwalin ɣer tarwa ; 80 n tullas ṣuffɣent-d d tilawin i yimezdaɣen imaynuten.

ɣer 814 send ƐisaTiwweḍ ɣer Afrika — Tesɣa azal n tmurt i tezmer aglim n uzger ad t-iɣumm. Utique, tamdint n Ṣur taqdimt ugar, tazen-d tikfawin ; imezdaɣ i s-iqeṛben usan-d ad znuzun.

AsersSnat lɛalamat — Mi ɣzan lateg, ufan-d aqerru n uzger — tamurt yesɛan afellaḥ maca d laɛbudiyya — imbeɛd, ɣer tama, aqerru n uyis : lɛalama n wegdud n umenɣi yesɛan tazmert.

IarbasAhaddad — Agellid n Maxitani yessuter ad yezweǧ Elisa, s uhaddad n umenɣi ; imeqqranen iqarṭaǧiyen ḥeṛṣen-tt ad teqbel.

LmutTimes — Tesbedd times, tesken-d d akken d asfel i ruḥ n argaz-is, tali fell-as tewwet iman-is s ujenwi. Qarṭaǧ tqadar-itt am tyillut.

Tamusni n umeslay

Aglim n uzger

Mi tewweḍ ɣer rrif n lebḥer n Tunisia n wussan-a, Elisa tessuter i yimezdaɣ azal n tmurt i tezmer aglim n uzger ad t-iɣumm. Tgezzem-it d izirigen rqiqen armi tezzi s wannect-nni akk tiɣilt : Byrsa.

Igrikiyen fehhmen akka isem n lqelɛa (bursa, « aglim »), i d-yekkan ammas seg wawal asamit yebɣan ad yini lqelɛa. Tamacahut-agi d-tenna ayen ixataren : tamusni d tsertit nnyafen ɣef tezmert.

« Azal n tmurt i tezmer aglim n uzger ad t-iɣumm. »
Akken i d-yeqqar Justin, XVIII, 5

Tiɣilt n Byrsa, Qarṭaǧ — Tiɣilt n Byrsa, ul n Qarṭaǧ

Snat tqissiyin, snat n tgelliden

Taqsist tafiniqit i d-yettwaselken sɣur Igrikiyen, akked wamek i tt-id-yura daɣen Iṛumaniyen.

Virgile, Énéide I d IV (19 send Ɛisa)

Tamezwarut yettwaǧǧan

Virgile yeg Didun d tamezwarut n Enya, i tt-yeǧǧan s lameṛ n iyilluten iwakken ad yeddu ad yesres Ṛuma ; tenɣa iman-is s lexsas tdeɛɛu ɣef dderya-s tnadi aṭṭaf n lḥif — Hanibal.

Tamacahut tasersayt taṛumanit, i d-yefhamen lkeṛh ger Ṛuma d Qarṭaǧ, maca tjerreḥ tagellidt ɣer tmeṭṭut kan yeẓẓuɣuṛen.

Timée, Justin

Tagellidt tḥekmen

Deg ddɛawa taqdimt ugar, Enya ur d-iḍhir ara. Elisa d tasersayt n lḥekma i yemmuten iwakken ad teqqim d tin yeḥmel Acherbas tḥader tilelli n temdint-is zdat Iarbas.

Akked abdar n wussan ur yezmir ara ad yili : aɣelli n Tṛuya, yettwajerben akken i t-id-nɣilen ɣer 1184 send Ɛisa, yezwar ugar n krad iqrunen asers n Qarṭaǧ.

Azru apuni s ucaraf n Tanit — Azru s ucaraf n Tanit

Asfel

Temmut i temdint-is

Tḥercen-tt Iarbas akked yimeqqranen-is, Elisa tesken-d belli teqbel azweǧ. Tesbedd times ɣer tewwura n temdint, am akken ad sserseḍ ṛuḥ n wergaz-is amenzu, imbeɛd tenɣa iman-is zdat ugdud-is : tedda, tenna, ɣer wergaz-is, akken i as-ssuturen.

Akken i d-yeqqar Justin, tettwaqadar am tyillut skud Qarṭaǧ ur tettwanyif ara.

Iyilluten n Qarṭaǧ →

Ayen d-qqaren Imezwura

Quamdiu Carthago invicta fuit, pro dea culta est.
« Skud Qarṭaǧ ur tettwanyif ara, tettwaqadar am tyillut. »

Justin, Agzul n Imezruyen Ifilibiyen, XVIII, 6

Exoriare aliquis nostris ex ossibus ultor.
« Ekker-ed seg yiɣsan-nneɣ, a aṭṭaf n lḥif, anwa i telliḍ. »

Virgile, Énéide, IV, 625 — Didun tenɛal Hanibal

Dux femina facti.
« Tameṭṭut i ineḥḥun lxedma-agi. »

Virgile, Énéide, I, 364

Iɣbula d tira tiqdimin

Seg wanda i d-yekka wayen i nessen

Timée n TauroménionAmesnezruy agrikan (lqern wis 4–3 send Ɛisa) : talɣa taqdimt akteṛ yettwassnen, yeqqar-d asers n 814 yettbeggen-d isem n Didun.

Ménandre n ÉphèseYettwabedren sɣur Flavius Josèphe (Contre Apion, I, 18) : arewl n Elisa akked users dehrent deg useggas wis sebɛa n tgelda n Pygmalion.

JustinAgzul n Imezruyen Ifilibiyen n Trogue Pompée, adlis XVIII : aɣbalu agejdan n teqsist (arewl, Chypre, aglim n uzger, Iarbas, times).

VirgileÉnéide, idlisen I d IV : talɣa taṛumanit s ungal, ad tettwaɣer d adlis n ccɛeṛ d tsertit, mačči d amezruy.

AppienLibyca (lqern wis 2 mbeɛd Ɛisa) : tamuɣli tagrikit ɣef lɛerq n Qarṭaǧ d tḥerci n uglim n uzger.

Lmirat

Lmirat n tasersayt

Tamdint n sebɛa iqrunen

Qarṭaǧ, seg 814 armi d 146 send Ɛisa, tuɣal d tazmert tameqqrant n lebḥer di Lebḥer Ageraɣlan Lɣarbi, tamesmixert n Ṛuma ugar n lqern.

Iẓuran n Ṣur

Tunigin n lebḥer, ttjara, asekkil, tanezlit n Melqart : lmirat n Ṣur yesnulfa idles aqarṭaǧi seg lqaɛa-ines.

Tagellidt deg tsenɛatin

Ovide (Héroïdes, VII), Purcell (Dido and Aeneas, 1689), Berlioz (Les Troyens), Guérin akked Turner (1815) : Didun tezger tasekla, lopera d uẓwaɣ.

Acaraf atunsi

Elisa tqqim-d ass-a, di Tunisia, d tugna tasersayt s telqey, d acaraf n tmusni tasertant d tnezmert.

Didun tebna Qarṭaǧ, sɣur J. M. W. Turner — J. M. W. Turner, Didun tebna Qarṭaǧ (1815)

Pour aller plus loin

Sources de cette page

6 références

Sources antiques

Justin, Agzul n Imezruyen Ifilibiyen n Trogue PompéeXVIII, 5 ; XVIII, 6 — aɣbalu agejdan n teqsist
Timée n Tauroménion — tucḍiwin i d-yettwaselken sɣur imeskaren-nniḍen : azemz n 814, isem n Didun
Flavius Josèphe, Contre ApionI, 18 — yettbeddeṛ Ménandre n Éphèse
Virgile, ÉnéideI, 364 ; IV, 625 — talɣa taṛumanit, n ccɛeṛ
Appien, Libyca — tiḥerci n uglim n uzger
Ovide, HéroïdesVII

Toute la bibliographie →Glossaire →

Ɣer daɣen

814 send Ɛisa

Asers n Qarṭaǧ

Qart-Ḥadašt, Tamdint tamaynut, akked iqrunen-is imezwura.

Laman

Ddin

Melqart, Baal Hammon, Tanit : iyilluten n Qarṭaǧ.

Udmawen

Akk imezruyen n tudert

At Barka, imenzaway n umenɣi, imsegmaḏ n lebḥer akked tgelliden.