Qarṭaǧ

Traduction en version bêta, en cours de relecture. Lire la version française

Tugna ipakken n Hamilkar Barka
Hamilkar Barka, tugna ipakken
Amezruy n tudert · At Barka
~275 – 229/228 send Ɛisa

Hamilkar Barka

Barka, « Lebraq » — amenyaf n umenɣi ur yettwanyif ara, baba-s n tegelda

Ur yettwanyif ara di Sicile, amselkem n Qarṭaǧ deg umenɣi n yimirsinariyen, abennan n tgelda tamaynut di Hispanya : argaz-nni i igan seg uɣelli-ines allal n tririt — i yesgallan mmi-s Hanibal ur ad yili d amddakel n Ṛuma abeda.

6 iseggasen

n umenɣi di Sicile (247–241) war ma yettwanyif

3 iseggasen

d kuẓ wagguren n umenɣi « ur yettwasemmeḥ ara » mgal yimirsinariyen (Polybe)

40 000

imirsinariyen ițwaneqḍen deg uɣelluy n Scie, akken i d-yeqqar Polybe

9 iseggasen

n tnayaf di Hispanya (237–229/228) ; d ṣṣeḥ-ines daɣen n Hanibal deg wass n limin

Abdar n wussan

Tudert deg mraw n wussan

~275Talalit — Deg twacult tanaẓurt taqarṭaǧit. Isem-is wis sin, Barka, i d-yekkan, ammas, seg wawal apuni baraq, « lebraq ».
247Taɛessast deg Sicile — Yettusemma d anezwi n lɛesker ipuniyen di Sicile, yers-ed ɣer tama n Panormos (Palerme) yezdeɣ ɣef wedrar n Heircté. Deg useggas-nni, i d-ilul mmi-s Hanibal.
247–244Amenɣi seg Heircté — Seg lqelɛa-agi n tnefsut, yeggar lɛesker Iṛumaniyen di Sicile, yettazen daɣen lbabura-ines ɣer tama n usamer n Italya.
244–241Éryx — Yeṭṭef s telɣa tamdint n Éryx, i gellan ger snat n lɛesker Iṛumaniyen : yiwen deg uqerru d wayeḍ ddaw-as, yeqqim din armi d tagara n umenɣi.
241Tigzirin n Égates — Ass n 10 meɣres, lbabura n tallalt tipuniyen ttwahudment sɣur Lutatius Catulus. Yettwaklef ad imeslay, Hamilkar yugi ad yefk leslaḥ-is : talwit tḥesseb Sicile akked 3200 n ttalan deg mraw iseggasen.
241–237Amenɣi n yimirsinariyen — Iɛeskriyen ur ittwaxelṣen ara kkren-d, dukklen-d yid-sen tudrin tilibikiyen. Yuɣal-d Hamilkar ɣer taɛessast, yeḥṛes-iten deg uɣelluy n Scie, imbeɛd zdat Tunes.
238/237Tanyafit n Sardaigne — Tḥulfa Ṛuma s wannect-nni n lawan, teṭṭef Sardaigne tessuter-d ugar n 1200 n ttalan. Ssexsar-agi yeẓẓa cci deg At Barka.
237Tikli ɣer Gadès — Yewweḍ ɣer Hispanya akked mmi-s Hanibal, yesɛa ṭsaɛ iseggasen, akked yiri-s Hasdrubal. Send ad ṣuffen, Hanibal yegall limin-is.
237–229Tanyafit n Hispanya — Ittaɛ agdud n Turdétans akked wagduden n usamer, yeṭṭef lmɛadin n nnuqra, yesers tamdint n Akra Leukè. Deg 231, yerra-d i ibaɛɛaten iṛumaniyen belli yettnaɣ iwakken ad yexleṣ asamger i Ṛuma (Dion Cassius).
229/228Lmut zdat Héliké — Yettwaxdeɛ sɣur agellid n Orissi deg lweqt n uḥebbes n Héliké, yemmut deg wasif mi gḥadar tazzla n warraw-is. Yiri-s Hasdrubal i t-id-iqeblen.

Lebraq n Sicile

Heircté (247–244), imbeɛd Éryx (244–241) : sebɛa iseggasen n umenɣi uffir deg tegzirt qrib akk taṛumanit.

Win ur yettwanyif ara

Deg umenɣi-ines meṛṛa di Sicile, Hamilkar Barka werǧin yettwanyif deg umenɣi. Yesselmed tasenɛet n umenɣi uffir, yesseɣli lxṣaṛa tiwɛirin ɣef lɛesker iṛumaniyen yeḥrez tazmert-is s telqey.

Seg imukan n leḥras deg idurar — adrar n Heircté sennig Palerme, imbeɛd Éryx ɣer ugmar n tegzirt —, yettazen-d tiɛessasin s tezmert ɣef imukan iṛumaniyen d ubrid n lqut-nsen, lawan i t-id-yessexrab lbabur-is tama n Bruttium. Tirrayin-is gan taṭṭfa n Sicile sɣur Ṛuma d tin ur neshil ara, s idammen aṭas, sḥettment Ṛuma ad tḥebbes lɛesker meṛṛa akken kan ad ṭṭfen imukan-nsen.

Polybe, ɣas akken yura s tmuɣli taṛumanit, yettwali deg-s anezwi aḥṛic n umenɣi meṛṛa, s tmusni akked tezmert n wul.

Tiẓyiwin n umezruy

Tamacahut n uɣelli di Sicile

Aṭas n tikkal i d-qqaren d akken Hamilkar yettwasexleɛ seg Sicile. S tidet, ur yettwanyif ara mi gfukk umenɣi : yerra Sicile kan acku Qarṭaǧ texsar lbabur-is deg tegzirin n Égates, ur tezmir ara ad as-d-tazen lqut. Yettwaklef ad imeslay, yugi ad yefk leslaḥ-is, irgazen-is ffɣen-d seg tegzirt d iɛeskriyen, mačči d imeḥbas.

HeirctéÉryxÉgates, 241Lutatius Catulus
Amenɣi « ur yettwasemmeḥ ara » · 241–237

Aselkem n Qarṭaǧ seg lɛesker-is s yiman-is

Mi d-uɣalen seg Sicile, azal n 20 000 n yimirsinariyen ssutren lexlaṣ-nsen. Qarṭaǧ, texsar s usamger, teɛṭṭel : tekker tkerrust, tedduklent yid-s tudrin tilibikiyen i yerran lɛya n ttrubiɛ. Tamdint tettwaḥbes deg wexxam-is, anezwi-ines amezwaru, Hanun, yerẓa. Ssutren-d Hamilkar.

Polybe isemma i umenɣi-agi « ur yettwasemmeḥ ara » acku ayen i gedran dinna yewɛer aṭas. Flaubert yegra-t d amḍiq n Salammbô (1862).

Imeqdimen n tkerrust

Spendios, akli n Campanie i d-irewlen, akked Mathos, alibiki, ṭṭfen taɛessast n tkerrust ; Utique d Hippou Akra ttwaḥebsent.

Tazegrart n Bagradas

S 10 000 n yirgazen d 70 n ilfilen, Hamilkar yezger asif ɣer tama n lebḥer s wemkan i d-ibeggen waḏu, yenyaf ikerrasen. Aqcic n ugellid anumidi Naravas yedda ɣer lɛesker-is s 2000 n yineggafen.

Lɛiqab n Giscon

Ikerrasen gezmen, nɣan Giscon akked azal n 700 n imeḥbas iqarṭaǧiyen : seg imir-nni, ulac asemmeḥ ara d-yili ger yiḍfan-nniḍen.

Aɣelluy n Scie

Hamilkar yesserɣel lɛesker n Spendios deg uɣelluy n wedrar, Scie (Prion). Laẓ yewweḍ armi ttekkun gar-asen, ikerrasen azenen imeqdimen-nsen ad mselayen ; Hamilkar yeṭṭef-iten yeḥṛes lɛesker : ugar n 40 000 n lmut akken i d-yeqqar Polybe.

Tunes d tagara n Mathos

Spendios ittwasellab zdat Tunes. Mathos, yettwanyif deg umenɣi aneggaru, ittwaṭṭef ittwanɣa di Qarṭaǧ. Tamdint tettwaselkem — maca Ṛuma tḥulfa s lawan-nni tṭṭef Sardaigne.

Tagelda n Hispanya

Txeṣṣer Sicile d Sardaigne, Qarṭaǧ tufa di Hispanya nnuqra, irgazen akked umsagar.

Lxrab n lesswar tapunit n Carthagène
Lesswar tapunit n Carthagène (Qart Hadašt), tamdint i d-yesers yiri-s Hasdrubal ɣef lateg n tnayaf-is.
Tanyafit · 237–229/228

Deg 237, Hamilkar yers-ed ɣer Gadès (Cadix), tamdint tafiniqit taqdimt. Deg ṭsaɛ iseggasen, s umenɣi d tsertit, yettaɛ agdud n Turdétans akked wagduden n usamer — Diodore yettbeddeṛ imeqdimen Istolatios d Indortès — yeṭṭef lmɛadin n nnuqra irẖisen n Sierra Morena.

Dinna i gebna takeṛṛust n umenɣi n At Barka : lɛesker n ṣṣnaɛa, yesɛan talɣa, yeḥmel twacult n Barka am Senṭ n Qarṭaǧ. Tazmert-agi ad tuɣal d allal i wen-yekcem Hanibal Italya.

Yesers Akra Leukè, « Ras Amellal » (iwakken ɣer tama n Alicante), yeg ṣṣerf n nnuqra yelhan aṭas. I ibaɛɛaten iṛumaniyen i d-yusan ad qelqen deg 231, yerra-d belli yettnaɣ Iberiyen iwakken ad yexleṣ ayen i tedyen Qarṭaǧ i Ṛuma.

Ssekel n At Barka s ulfil
Ssekel n At Barka ittwagen di Hispanya : alfil, acaraf n tezmert n umenɣi n At Barka.
Ṛebɛ n ssekel n At Barka
Ṛebɛ n ssekel n At Barka : nnuqra n lmɛadin iberiyen txelleṣ lɛesker d usamger i tedyen Qarṭaǧ i Ṛuma.
Hanibal ameẓyan yegull zdat baba-s
Limin n Hanibal, akken i t-id-iwala umesnulfu atrar
237 send Ɛisa · Qarṭaǧ

Limin

« Baba, lawan ad iṣuffeɣ ɣer Iberiya akked lɛesker-is, yefka asfel. Yeqrib-iyi-d ɣer umnar, isres afus-iw ɣef lḥiwan n usfel, yesgall-iyi ur ad iliɣ d amddakel n Iṛumaniyen abeda. »

Hanibal i ugellid Antiochos, akken i d-yeqqar Polybe, Imezruyen, III, 11

Tite-Live yettales-d lḥala-agi (XXI, 1) : aqcic, yesɛa ṭsaɛ iseggasen, issuter i baba-s ad t-yawi yesgall « ad yili d aɛdaw n wugdud aṛumani ticki i s-izmer ». Limin-agi, yettwagall zdat iyilluten n Qarṭaǧ, ad yeg talɣa n lḥal n Lebḥer Ageraɣlan i tsuta.

Ayen d-qqaren Imezwura

« Anezwi aḥṛic n umenɣi-agi, s tmusni akked tezmert n wul, d Hamilkar, yettusemman Barka. »

Polybe, Imezruyen, I, 64

« Ulac agellid i yemsaɛadal akked Épaminondas, Périclès, Thémistocle, Manius Curius neɣ Hamilkar Barka. »

Caton Amɣar, akken i d-yeqqar Plutarque, Tudert n Caton, 8

Mi guɣal ɣer warraw-is mazal-iten d arrac, Hamilkar yeqqar-d belli yessaki-d ijujaḍ n yizmawen i uɣelli n tgelda taṛumanit.

Valère Maxime, Faits et dits mémorables, IX, 3
Lmirat

Baba-s n tririt

Lɛesker n At Barka

Lɛesker n ṣṣnaɛa, yettwaxdem di Sicile, di Afrika akked Hispanya, yeqqen ɣer twacult n Barka : allal n Kan.

Hispanya tapunit

Lmɛadin n nnuqra, tigallelt akked Iberiyen, timdinin timaynutin : umsagar i yesɛan Qarṭaǧ iwakken ad tnekker, i Hanibal iwakken ad yeddu ɣer Ṛuma.

Tagelda n twacult

Hanibal, Hasdrubal, Magun akked yiri-s Hasdrubal Ucbiḥ kemmlen tawuri-ines. Polybe yettwali deg zzɛaf-is yiwet seg ssababat n umenɣi apuni wis sin.

Pour aller plus loin

Sources de cette page

8 références

Sources antiques

  1. Polybe, ImezruyenI, 64 ; III, 11 — Sicile, amenɣi n yimirsinariyen, limin n Hanibal
  2. Tite-Live, Amezruy aṛumaniXXI, 1 — limin
  3. Diodore n Sicile, Axxam n yidlisen n umezruy — tanyafit n Hispanya (Istolatios, Indortès)
  4. Dion Cassius, Amezruy aṛumani — tiririt i ibaɛɛaten iṛumaniyen n 231
  5. Plutarque, Tudert n Caton Amɣar8 — ṛṛay n Caton
  6. Valère Maxime, Faits et dits mémorablesIX, 3 — « ijujaḍ n yizem »

Travaux modernes

  1. Yann Le Bohec, Histoire militaire des guerres puniques, 2003 — adlis n uɣbalu (tabibliyugrafit n usmel)
  2. Serge Lancel, Carthage, 1992 — adlis n uɣbalu (tabibliyugrafit n usmel)

Toute la bibliographie →Glossaire →

Twacult n Barka

Akk udmawen →
Mmi-s amenzu · 247 – 183

Hanibal Barka

Limin yeḥder : idurar n Alpes, Trasimène, Kan, imbeɛd Zama.

Ɣer amezruy n tudert →
Yiri-s akked mmi-s

Sin Hasdrubal

Hasdrubal Ucbiḥ, asersay n Carthagène, akked Hasdrubal Barka, yettwanɣa ɣef Métaure.

Ɣer amezruy n tudert →
Mmi-s amecṭuḥ · ~243 – 203

Magun Barka

Tuffra n Trébie, iẓegwan n Kan, Ligurie.

Ɣer amezruy n tudert →
Tirrayin tipuniyen n umenɣi →Takarḍa yettmussun →