Hispanya · 212 – 206
Aneggaf n Qarṭaǧ
Deg sețța iseggasen, yexdem i Qarṭaǧ di Hispanya. Ineggafen-is ifessasen ggaren Iṛumaniyen, Tite-Live yeqqar-as yesɛa amur deg uɣelli n Scipion deg 211. Mazal-it deg wemkan apuni di Ilipa.
Amezruy n tudert · Numidya
ɣer 238 – 148 send Ɛisa
Masinisa
Agellid n Inumidiyen — amsimɛi n Qarṭaǧ, imbeɛd n Ṛuma
Yettwaselmed di Qarṭaǧ, yennaɣ-as tamezwarut di Hispanya, yedda ɣer Ṛuma deg 206, yefren tanyafit n Zama, imbeɛd iḥekkem ugar n uzgen n lqern ɣef Numidya yedduklen, yezdeɣ, yuɣal ɣer Lebḥer Ageraɣlan. Qarṭaǧ ur tesɛi ara amjar iwɛiren ugar-is.
~90
iseggasen mi gemmut, deg 148 : yettali mazal ɣef uyis war tallalt (Polybe)
54
iseggasen n tgelda ɣef Numidya, seg 202 armi d 148
4 000
ineggafen inumidiyen ɣer tama-s di Zama, deg 202 (Tite-Live, XXX, 29)
44
arraw, akken i d-tenna ddɛawa taqdimt : amḍan ibeddel seg ameskar ɣer wayeḍ
Aqcic n Massyles
Yettwarbba di Qarṭaǧ
Masinisa d mmi-s n Gaïa, agellid n Massyles, agdud anumidi n usamer, tamurt-is teqqen ɣer tin n Qarṭaǧ. Ɣer ugmar, iḥekkem Syphax, agellid n Masaesyles. Akken i d-yeqqar Appien, aqcic-nni ameẓyan yettwaselmed di Qarṭaǧ, am warraw-nniḏen n tnaẓurt tanumidit : yessen tutlayt-is, licaɣalen-is akked twaculin timeqqranin.
Aselmed-agi apuni mačči d ayen ur nesɛi azal. Deg tudert-is meṛṛa, Masinisa iḥekkem am ugellid n Lebḥer Ageraɣlan, s tpunit d tutlayt n tnezmert d tira tigelliden — s wayen i gesselmed ɣer Qarṭaǧ, yuɣal yesnuɣni-t fell-as.
Agdud : MassylesBaba-s : GaïaTamanaɣt : Cirta
Isem-is
MSNSN
Akka i t-id-ttarun tira tipuniyen n Dougga. Igrikiyen d Ilatiniyen gan-t Massanassès, Masinissa neɣ Massinissa. Lmeɛna n yisem, tikwal yettwaqṛeb ɣer tmaziɣt, mazal-itt d amseqsi.
Abdar n wussan
Tudert n tesɛin n iseggasen
ɣer 238Talalit — Mmi-s n ugellid n Massyles, Gaïa. Tite-Live (Periochae, 50) yeqqar-d yesɛa ugar n tesɛin n iseggasen mi gemmut.
212 – 206Deg umahil n Qarṭaǧ — D anezwi n yineggafen inumidiyen, yennaɣ di Hispanya ɣer tama n inezwayen iqarṭaǧiyen. Deg 211, ineggafen-is ɛawnen deg uɣelli d lmut n sin Scipion, Publius akked Cnaeus (Tite-Live, XXV, 34).
206Ilipa, imbeɛd abeddel — Mbeɛd uɣelli n Qarṭaǧ di Ilipa, yemlal s tuffra akked Iṛumani Silanus imbeɛd Scipion, win i s-id-yerran war lexlaṣ arbib-is Massiva, yettwaṭṭfen deg 209 (Tite-Live, XXVII, 19 ; XXVIII, 35).
ɣer 206 – 205Tagelda yexsaren — Gaïa yemmut ; tagelda tettwakkes ger gma-s Oezalcès d warbaben-is. Masinisa yuɣal yeddem tanezmert, maca Syphax, yemsimɛa akked Qarṭaǧ s zwaǧ-is akked Sofonisba, yessexleɛ-it. Yettwaḍfer, yedder deg idurar akked kra n yineggafen (Tite-Live, XXIX, 29–33).
204Akked Scipion di Afrika — Yedda ɣer lɛesker aṛumani i d-yersen ɣer tama n Utique.
203Cirta akked Sofonisba — Tanyafit n Grandes Plaines ; Syphax ittwaṭṭef, Cirta teknu. Masinisa yezweǧ Sofonisba, imbeɛd, mi s-yessuter Scipion ad tt-id-yefk, yezzenz-as-d ssem. Scipion isellem fell-as s yisem n ugellid.
202Zama — Yenzewi afus ayeffus aṛumani s azal n 6000 n yirgazen deg uḍar akked 4000 n yineggafen. Ineggafen-is, uɣalen-d ɣer deffir n Hanibal, fukken amenɣi.
201Agellid yettwaqbel — Tagallelt n talwit tqebbel-as tagelda akked tmura « n imezwura-s », war ma tbeggen tilisa-nsent.
201 – 148Tagelda — Bab n Massyles akked umur ameqqran n tgelda n Syphax, yesduklel Numidya seg Cirta, yesnerni tfellaḥt d temdinin, yekkes azgen azgen seg tmurt n Qarṭaǧ.
150Amenɣi mgal Qarṭaǧ — Qarṭaǧ, texsar lehna, teddem leslaḥ fell-as ; lɛesker-is yettwazi yettwahudd. Ṛuma tufa dinna assaɣen n umenɣi apuni wis krad.
148Lmut — Yemmut ɣer tazwara n uḥebbes n Qarṭaǧ. S ttlaba-s, Scipion Emilyen isserfed tagelda ger krad warraw-is ilaqen.
Ger Qarṭaǧ akked Ṛuma
Krad n yiswiɛen, krad n tgallelt : afran n Masinisa ittabaɛ dayem lfayda n tgelda-s.
Numidya · 206 – 203
Sofonisba →Tamsimɛet akked Syphax
Qarṭaǧ textar Syphax, yesɛa tazmert ugar, tesres tagallelt s zwaǧ n Sofonisba, yelli-s n Hasdrubal mmi-s n Giscon. Ittwakkes, Masinisa ur yesɛi ara allal nniḏen anagar Ṛuma. Taqsist n Sofonisba, deg 203, tbeggen armi anda i gella usimɛi-s ɣer Scipion.
Afrika · 202
Hanibal →Zama
Zdat Hanibal, ineggafen inumidiyen, s wammag ɣezzifen d allal n Qarṭaǧ, nnaɣen tikkelt-agi i Ṛuma. Masinisa akked Laelius sserɣalen ineggafen iɛdawen imbeɛd uɣalen wwten lɛesker n uḍar apuni deg deffir.
Abnu n tgelda
Ugar n xemsin iseggasen n tgelda : ayen i d-ḥezzben yiɣbula ɣef Numidya n Masinisa.
Cirta
Tamanaɣt tagellidant
Lqelɛa taqdimt n Syphax, Cirta tuɣal d ammas n tgelda yedduklen. At ttjara igrikiyen d italiyen zedɣen din ; tamdint-agi ad teḥrez aṭas n lweqt idles apuni.
Tfellaḥt
Seg At uglal ɣer ifellaḥen
Polybe yeqqar-as d nețța i d-isbeggnen belli Numidya, i gettwaḥesben d tin ur nesɛi lxir, tezmer ad tsekcem akk lemẓuriɛ ; yefka i yal mmi-s tirga meqqranin. Imesnezruyen qqaren : tfellaḥt tanumidit tzwar fell-as, maca nețța i tt-id-yesnernin.
Ṣṣerf
Ṣṣerf n tgelda
Ṣṣerfan n nnḥas s uqerru s tmart yuzlen deg yiwen uɣanib, ayis deg wayeḍ, s isekkilen ipuniyen, ttwaḥesben n Masinisa neɣ n wid i t-id-iqeblen. Asleḥ s telqey n ṣṣerfan-agi mazal-it d amseqsi.
Taẓurant tagrikit
Agellid n Lebḥer Ageraɣlan
Yettazen irden ɣer Lagrisya ; tugniwin ttwasersent fell-as di Délos. Yiwen seg warraw-is, Mastanabal, yenyaf tazzla n tkeṛṛusin deg Panathénées n Athènes. Lḥekma tmeslay tapunit tẓelleq ɣer umaḏal igrikan.
« Lxedma-ines tameqqrant akteṛ d tin ur yettwali ara : lawan Numidya meṛṛa tettwaḥesben d tin ur nesɛi lxir ur tezmir ara ad d-tefk lemẓuriɛ, nețța i d amezwaru d win iwumi yezmer ad d-ibeggen belli tezmer ad tent-id-tefk meṛṛa, am ulamma tamurt-nniḏen. »
Zdat Qarṭaǧ · 201 – 150
Masinisa akked uɣelli n Qarṭaǧ →Amjar i d-yekksen seg Qarṭaǧ
Tagallelt n 201 tgedel i Qarṭaǧ amenɣi war tifrat n Ṛuma, teǧǧa Masinisa ad yessuter tamurt « n imezwura-s ». Deg uzgen n lqern, yeḥlufa : Emporia n Tiẓit tamecṭuḥt, imbeɛd tamnaḍt n Thugga d Grandes Plaines kecment ddaw tezmert-is, Ṛuma, i gettwaɛerḍen ad tefreq, teqbel-as qrib yal tikkelt.
Taẕayt-agi iɣezzifen, armi d umenɣi n 150 i d-yefkan i Ṛuma assaɣen-is, yettwaḥka s telqey deg usebter yecban ṭṭef n Qarṭaǧ.
Ayen ixataren
193Tikkal timezwura ɣef Emporia (Tite-Live).
162 – 161Ṛuma teqbel-as ɣef Emporia (Polybe).
153 – 152Grandes Plaines, tamnaḍt n Thugga (Appien).
150Qarṭaǧ teddem leslaḥ ; lɛesker-is yettwahudd.
Lmut d imḍalen
Anda i genɛas Masinisa ? Ulac amḍal i s-ittwaḥesben s tidet.
Tarrayt n tgelda · 148
Tagelda tettwafreq ɣef krad
Masinisa yemmut deg 148, lawan lɛesker iḥuza Qarṭaǧ. Yesɛa aṭas n warraw — Tite-Live yettales-d yesɛa-d yiwen daɣen mbeɛd sețța d tmanin n iseggasen (Periochae, 50). Scipion Emilyen, yettwaklef s tefrat, yefreq tanezmert ger krad warraw-is ilaqen : Micipsa yeddem Cirta akked tnezmert, Gulussa amenɣi, Mastanabal lḥeqq (Appien, Libyca, 106).
Tanezlit n ugellid yemmuten tettwaf : di Dougga, tira s snat tutlayin, tilibikit d tipunit, teḥfeḏ deg 139 abnu n umḍiq n tẓallit yettwasersen i Masinisa, deg useggas wis mraw n tgelda n Micipsa.
Asleḥ ur yefra ara
Amḍal n wanwa ?
Amḍal n Dougga yesɛa tira s snat tutlayin, ass-a deg British Museum, isemma-d yiwen Ateban, mmi-s n Iepmatath : ttwalin din, s telqey, amḍal n ugellid-nniḏen anumidi, ṭṭeṛḥ n umḍal n Masinisa ur yettwasbet ara. Ɣer tama n Cirta, Soumâa n Khroub ttwaɛerḍen d amḍal n Masinisa neɣ n Micipsa, dagi daɣen war tasbatit ixataren. Medracen, yezwar aṭas, yesbegen-d belli tgelda tanumidit tebna yakan imḍalen imeqqranen send nețța.
Iɣbula
Seg wanda i d-yekka wayen i nessen
Tite-Live, idlisen XXV–XXXIseggasen n Hispanya, amenɣi n tarrayt n tgelda, texriǧ, Sofonisba akked Zama ; agzul n udlis L (Periochae) yettales-d lmut-is.
Polybe, ImezruyenInigi usrid : yemlal akked ugellid. Tugna n tezmert-is akked tawuri-ines n tfellaḥt (XXXVI, 16) ; imgireden akked Qarṭaǧ (XXXI, 21).
Appien, LibycaAselmed di Qarṭaǧ, tikkal n iseggasen 150, tarrayt n tgelda yettwaseglen sɣur Scipion Emilyen (106).
Tira n DouggaTira tilibikiyin akked tipuniyin n lqern wis 2 : isem MSNSN, lǧedd n tgelda, amḍiq n tẓallit n 139.
Salluste, Amenɣi n JugurthaAsmekti n Masinisa deg dderya-s, akken i t-id-iwala aṛumani n lqern wis 1.
Lmirat
Agellid ameqqran amezwaru n Ugafa n Afrika
Masinisa yeǧǧa-d Lḥekma tanumidit yedduklen, yesɛan tazmert, yemsimɛa akked Ṛuma — yesɛa tazmert aṭas, ahat, ɣer Ṛuma. Dderya-s d usmekti-s zegren iqrunen.
Micipsa
Agellid iwḥid mbeɛd lmut n watmaten-is, iḥekkem armi d 118 seg Cirta, ikemmel tawuri n baba-s.
Jugurtha
Arbib n Masinisa s Mastanabal, yebded zzat i Ṛuma seg 112 armi d 105 : Salluste yeḥka-t.
Lezzayer
Tugna tasersayt yessuter-itt usmekti aɣelnaw azzayri : tugniwin, ismawen n iberdan, n temdinin d tnezmariyin.
Asmekti amaziɣ
I umussu amaziɣ, yesbegen-d tanezmert n Ugafa n Afrika iḥekmen iman-is, yezwaren Ṛuma.
Tunisia
Dougga, Makthar akked Ugafa-Ugmar atunsi llan seg tgelda-s ; tugna-s tella daɣen deg umezruy atunsi.
Pour aller plus loinSources de cette page
7 références
Sources antiques
- Tite-Live, Amezruy aṛumaniXXV, 34 ; XXVII, 19 ; XXVIII, 35 ; XXIX, 29–33 ; XXX, 29 — Hispanya, amenɣi n tarrayt n tgelda, texriǧ, Sofonisba, Zama ; tikkal n 193
- Tite-Live, PeriochaeL — agzul n udlis L : leɛmer n ugellid d lmut-is
- Polybe, ImezruyenXXXI, 21 ; XXXVI, 16 — inigi usrid : tazmert n ugellid, tawuri n tfellaḥt, imgireden akked Qarṭaǧ
- Appien, Libyca106 — aselmed di Qarṭaǧ, tikkal n iseggasen 150, tarrayt n tgelda yettwaseglen sɣur Scipion Emilyen
- Salluste, Amenɣi n Jugurtha — dderya n Masinisa, armi d Jugurtha
- Tira tilibikiyin d tipuniyin n DouggaLqern wis 2 send Ɛisa — isem MSNSN, lǧedd n tgelda, amḍiq n tẓallit n 139
Travaux modernes
- Stéphane Gsell, Histoire ancienne de l'Afrique du Nord, Hachette, 1913–1928 — adlis n uɣbalu ɣef tgelliden tinumidiyin (ur yettwabder ara s yisem deg usebter)
