Aqeṛn wis 6 – wis 5 uqbel Ɛisa (ɣer 500 ?)
Hanun Bu Lebḥer
« Agellid n Iqarṭaǧiyen » akken i d-tenna Tirzi — ahat d asufeṭ neɣ d umaẓan n temdint.
Yettwazen sɣur Qarṭaǧ ɣer deffir n Tigejda n Hercule, iḍfeṛ rrif n Agaraw Aṭlanti n Tafrikt akken ad yesers tudrin din. Taqsiṭ-is, Tirzi, d ccahada taqburt n unadi n Lɣerb n Tafrikt.
n lbabuṛen s xemsin n tɣenjawin
n yergazen d tlawin, akken i d-tenna Tirzi
n tudrin yettwasersen ɣef rrif n Agaraw Aṭlanti
« tigurilliyen » yettwaṭṭfen, iɣelman-nsent wwin-ten ɣer Qarṭaǧ
Awalen imezwura n Tirzi« Yehwa i Iqarṭaǧiyen ad iṛuḥ Hanun ɣer deffir n Tigejda n Hercule, ad yesers tudrin n Libufinisiyen. Iṛuḥ ihi s sețțin n lbabuṛen akked waṭas n yergazen d tlawin, ɣer tlatin alef, akked lqut d wayen akk i gesra. »
Tirzi n Hanun, § 1
Adris wa yiwen
Tirzi tewweḏ-aɣ-d s tgrikt, deg yiwet n tira-ɣuṛes tabizanṭit n leqṛun wis 9, yettwaḥerzen di Heidelberg. Tettbeyyen iman-is d tasuqilt n tira tapunikt i gessers Hanun, asmi yuɣal-d, deg umqam n Kronos — yeɛni Baɛal Hammun — di Qarṭaǧ.
Awezlan (18 n tegzumin), iqqaṛ akken ilaq am tezmilt n lbabuṛ, ikemmel ussan n tira ɣef lebḥer, isemma imukan. D yiwen seg idrisen iqarṭaǧiyen idrusen aṭas i d-yeqqimen, xersum s ubrid aggur.
Azemz n tirzi ur yettwassen ara s ṣṣeḥ: tettusers s telqey ger aqeṛn wis 6 d wis 5 uqbel Ɛisa, deg wakud i deg Qarṭaǧ tesnas ssbek-is n yiswaq n Agaraw Aṭlanti.
Ɣer deffir n Tigejda n Hercule
Ɣef tkarṭa
Tirzigin n Elisa, Hanun d Himilkun. Seld Lmerruk, abrid n Hanun yeqqim d tiktit kan.
Tilisa iqerrben ɣef leḥsab n tezrawin n umezruy (timnaḏin n tiɣawla, mačči d tilisa n wass-agi). Agrudem n tkarṭa: Natural Earth. Imukan iqdimen: isental yettwassnen.
Ayen i d-yeẓra Hanun
Tudrin n Libufinisiyen
Tlatin alef n yergazen d tlawin: mačči d ahuzi, d tawuri n users n yimezdaɣ. Tudrin timaynutin, zedɣent-tent Iqarṭaǧiyen d Ifriqiyen, ssersent abrid n Agaraw Aṭlanti.
Ilfan, iqṭiwen, imaẓẓuɣen n lebḥer
Tirzi tbeyyen-d agelmam anida ttirarent ilfan, sakin asif yeččuṛ d yiqṭiwen akked yimaẓẓuɣen n lebḥer — yettuɛawaden aṭas ɣer wasif n Senegal.
« Takeṛṛust n Yilluten »
Adrar n tmes i d-yettban seg lebḥer. Llan wid i d-yeẓran adrar n Kamirun, abeṛkan ur yefsi ara iɛedda 4 000 n yimitren; wiyaḏ ḥesben-tt d times n lexla ɣef yidurar n rrif.
« Tigurilliyen »
« Llant waṭas n lweḥc; ugar-nsent d tlawin s lǧeld yeččuṛen d ucebbub, i gesawalen imsalayen-nneɣ igurilliyen. Ur nezmir ara ad neṭṭef irgazen; neṭṭef tlata n tlawin, i gettqerrifen tettɛeḏḏant… Neɣ-itent, nawi-d iɣelman-nsent ɣer Qarṭaǧ. »
Tirzi n Hanun, § 18
Ma d izem n lɣaba (chimpanzé), ma d agurilli, ma d ababwin (babouin)? Yiwen ur yessin. Plin Amɣar yeqqar-d dakken iɣelman-agi qqiment d askanen deg umqam n Junun (Tanit) armi d aṭṭef n Qarṭaǧ deg 146. Deg 1847, lɛulama n tɣawsiwin n ṭṭbiɛa Savage d Wyman ɛawden-d awal n Tirzi akken ad semmin i uqchuc ameqqran n Tafrikt talemmast: agurilli.
Armi ɣer wanda i yeṭṭef?
Imussnawen n umezruy mgaraden seg leqṛun: tanzagin d ismawen n Tirzi ẕẕayen aṭas n yiwalayen.
Armi ɣer Kamirun
Takeṛṛust n Yilluten ad tili d adrar n Kamirun, Aqeṛwi n Usammar d daxel n tagna n Gine, neɣ ula d Gabun. Hanun ad yili yezger ugar n 5 000 n ikilumitren seld tbuɣezt.
Senegal, Sierra Leone
Krites ad yili d asif n Senegal, Takeṛṛust n Yilluten d adrar n Kakulima (Gine) akked Aqeṛwi n Usammar d rrif n Sierra Leone. D tiktit i gettwaqeblen aṭas.
Lmerruk Aṭlanti
Kra n lɛulama snernin tirzi ala ɣer usammar n Lmerruk (Kerne = tegzirt n Mogador, anida ttwaf-d iswaq n Ifinisiyen) ḥesben-d belli ayen i d-yeqqimen yemɣaṛ-it, neɣ ula yesnulfa-t umsuqel agriki.
Taqsiṭ i gezgren leqṛun
Pour aller plus loinSources de cette page
5 références
Sources antiques
- War isem, Tirzi n Hanun§ 1 ; § 18 — adris agriki yettwaseṭṭaren s tira tabizanṭit n Heidelberg
- Plin Amɣar, Amezruy n tɣawsiwin n ṭṭbiɛa — iɣelman n « tigurilliyen » deg umqam n Junun; Hanun d Himilkun
- Arrian, Indike — tuɣalin seld 35 n wussan n tira ɣef lebḥer
Travaux modernes
- Jean-Gabriel Demerliac d Jean Meirat, Hannon ou l'empire punique, Les Belles Lettres, 1983
- Thomas S. Savage d Jeffries Wyman, 1847 — bedrent deg usebter: ɛawden awal « agurilli » i uqchuc ameqqran