Qarṭaǧ

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Qarṭaǧ · Ddin

Iyilluten n Qarṭaǧ

I d-ikkan seg Ṣur, iyilluten ifiniqiyen ṭṭfen deg Afrika udem amaynut, yemlalen d laman ilibikiyen.

Baal Hammon yeqqim ɣef ukersi, s fexxar
Baal Hammon yeqqim ɣef ukersi, s fexxar
Tayillut s uqerru n izem
Tayillut s uqerru n izem, teqqen ɣer Tanit

Baal Hammon

Yillu ameqqran, bab n igenni d tfeṛwelt, ittwabeggen d amɣar s tmart ɣef ukersi i sselmen snat n tsfinksat.

Tanit

« Udem n Baal », taḥadrayt n tmdint. Acaraf-is — akuẓan, tagzirt, tasaweɛt — yella anida kan, armi d lqaɛa n Kerkuan.

Melqart

« Agellid n temdint », yillu n Ṣur ; Qarṭaǧ tettazen-as-d yal aseggas asfel. At Barka sbeggnen-t ɣef yiṣuraf-nsen.

Eshmoun

Yillu amjelleb. Axxam n tẓallit-is yezzuɣur Byrsa : dinna i ruḥen ineggura yemmuggaren deg 146.

Tofet n Salammbô
Tofet n Salammbô, Qarṭaǧ
Amḍiq n umseqsi

Tofet

Amḍiq n tẓallit ldin i yigenni anda ufan-d azal n walaf n ifexxaren yețwazedɣen s wayen i d-yeqqimen n warrac, s iẓran i ulɣuman i Baal Hammon d Tanit sennig-sen.

Imeskaren igrikiyen d iṛumaniyen ttwalin dinna isfal. Imesneɣzuyen ur mṣadan ara ger uẓawan n usfel d tasga n imeḍlan n warrac imecṭuḥ : amseqsi-agi yettwabeggen deg usebter n iɣbula.

Lqern wis 8 – wis 2 send ƐisaIẓran ițwaɣzan s tpunit

Agraw n iyilluten ameqqran ugar

Agraw-agi n iyilluten aqarṭaǧi, ɣas ismawen-is grikiyen neɣ ilatiniyen deg yiɣbula (Sznycer), d asamit alɣarbi s telqey, yerna-d s lemqabla d Ilibikiyen, Imasriyen d Igrikiyen.

Tayillut tafiniqit

Astarté

Tayillut n tfeṛwelt d umenɣi, mazal-itt tettwaqadar di Qarṭaǧ. Imukan n tẓallit-is ttwassnen aṭas, am win n Tas Silg di Malṭa neɣ win n Éryx di Sicile.

Yillu asamit alɣarbi

Reshef

Yillu n umenɣi d lehlakat, Igrikiyen qerben-t ɣer Apollon. Tanezlit-is tettwaf deg umaḍal apuni d ufiniqi meṛṛa.

Yillu ur yettwassen ara s telqey

Sakon

Yettwassen abeɛda s tira n tezkert d yismawen n imdanen i t-id-nedhun ; tawuri-ines s telqey mazal-itt d tuffra.

« Bab n igenwan »

Baal Shamim

Yillu ameqqran n igenni n Ifiniqiyen. Tira n tezkert deg tegzirt n San Pietro, di Sardaigne, tettbeggen tanezlit-is deg Lɣarb apuni.

Yillu n temdint di Sardaigne

Sid

Yettwaqadar di Sardaigne, anda Iṛumaniyen ad as-semman Sardus Pater (axxam n tẓallit n Antas). Di Qarṭaǧ, tira n tezkert qernent-t ɣer Tanit : Sid-Tanit.

Ayen i d-usan seg Maṣer

Isis, Horus, Bès

Tihrisin, sskarabiyat d ulmasen ițwaɣzan sduklen-d iyilluten imasriyen, i d-yusan seg lqern wis 7 neɣ ittwanɣalen dagi, abeɛda deg yimḍalen n tilawin d warrac.

Ekcment-d deg 396

Déméter et Korè

Lɛesker n Himilcon yekkes ayen akk yellan deg umḍiq-nsent n tẓallit, ɣer tama n Syracuse, imbeɛd lwebba tenɣa aṭas. Iwakken ad sserseḍent, Qarṭaǧ teṭṭef tanezlit-nsent tefka-tt i ikahinen igrikiyen (Diodore, XIV, 63 d 77).

Ibeddal

Iyilluten ibeddlen

Melqart yeddem udem n Héraclès ; Baal Hammon yettqerrib ɣer Ammon alibiki s yiqeṛṛi n ikerri, imbeɛd ɣer Jupiter. Ddaw Ṛuma, yedder deg Saturne afriqan, Tanit deg Caelestis.

Polybe, VII, 9 · 215 send Ɛisa

Iyilluten n limin

Mi gerzef Hanibal tagallelt akked Philippe V n Macédoine, tagallelt-nni tettwagall zdat n iyilluten n Qarṭaǧ. Polybe yura-ten-id s yismawen igrikiyen : Zeus, Héra d Apollon, « amjeɛluf » iḥadren iqarṭaǧiyen, Héraclès d Iolaos, Arès, Triton, Poséidon, imbeɛd Yiṭij, Aggur d Tmurt. Imesnezruyen walan deg-sen Baal Hammon, Tanit, Melqart neɣ Reshef, war ma akk mṣadan ɣef lemqabla.

Aɣbalu : Polybe, Imezruyen, VII, 9

Imukan n tẓallit

Ixxamen n tẓallit

ByrsaAkken i d-yeqqar Appien, axxam n tẓallit n Eshmoun, ameqqran akteṛ di Qarṭaǧ, yezzuɣur tiɣilt. Wayen yellan sennig, ittwakkes deg tallit taṛumanit, ulac ayen i d-yeqqimen (Beschaouch).
GadèsAxxam n tẓallit n Melqart yeqqim-d yettwassen armi d tallit taṛumanit.
SalammbôImukan n tẓallit drus ugar ɣer tama n teɣsert n TGM n Salammbô n wussan-a akked ɣer uḍar n Sidi Bou Said. Ɣer rrif n lebḥer, ixxamen n tẓallit ṭṭfen-d isfal akked tikfawin n ibarraniyen.
ThinissutDeg Ras Tib, amḍiq n tẓallit n taddart seg tazwara n Tagelda, s tesraḥ qeṛben i wa i wa s tagmat n Ccerq, ufan-d din tiwlafin n fexxar n Baal Hammon ger snat tsfinksat, n Tanit s uqerru n izem akked Déméter.
IfranKra n imukan n tẓallit llan d imukan ifazen kan, tikwal deg ifran : amkan-nsen ur ittabaɛ ara ula d yiwet n lqanun ur nebeddel.
Ikahinen d tirrayin

Ikahinen d ssumat

Ddin yella d tamsalt n lḥekma. Ɣas ur ssewjaden ara tasertit, ikahinen, ttwarnan s urtaben, sɛan azal ameqqran deg tmetti yesɛan ddin s telqey ; tiwuriwin tiɛlayanin ttɣimint i twaculin timeqqranin (Dridi).

Isfal ttabaɛen ssumat yettwabeggnen deg ixxamen n tẓallit : i yal aɣersiw d yal ttlaba, sbedden amur n yillu, amur n ukahin d umur n umɛabed. Azru yeḥfaḍ imbeɛd asfel-nni.

Ssuma n MarseilleIttwaf di Marseille, d aqarṭaǧi n lɛerq

Tirrayin n umḍal

Imḍalen d lxrab ipuniyen imezwura i yettwaɣzan, seg tagara n lqern wis 19 — d wid yesɛan ugar n tɣawsiwin ɣef laman deg tudert mbeɛd lmut.

Imḍalen iɣezzun deg uẓru, tasga n imḍalen n Puig des Molins, Ibiza
Tasga n imḍalen tapunit n Puig des Molins, Ibiza
Tsagiwin n imḍalenTtwaseflent s tuɣmas ɣer Qarṭaǧ, sɛant-d afaylu n tlisa i ibeddlen n tmdint (Picard).
ImḍalenTtwaɣzant deg uẓru axir n ma d ttwabnant : lbir dakken s ṣṣanduq ɣer lqaɛa, lbir s waṭas n tswiɛin neɣ adeddi yettawin ɣer texxamt n umḍal. Ṣṣanduq n leɛwad ur nruẓ ara, ulac win i t-yecban, yusa-d seg Kerkuan.
AmḍalD ammud ameqqran, ɣas akken asseṛɣ yezmer ugar deg kra n tallit, am di Puig des Molins.
Ayla n yimḍalenFexxar, lzyada, tihrisin, akal azeggaɣ — idammen, yeɛni tudert —, tiglayin n negg ițwaṣebɣen — talalit tis snat —, lkanapat timecṭuḥin s uklal.
UlmasenUlmasen n nnḥas aḥmayan, ițwaɣzan seg lqern wis 5, qqnen ɣer uzizdeg n yemmuten (Lancel).
Tudert mbeɛd lmutTiwlafin n imḍalen n Jbel Mlezza, deg Ras Tib, ttbanen-d am akken sbeggnent tikli n ruḥ n yemmuten.
Akellus apuni iwɛiren, asidag n Bardo
Asidag n Bardo

Akellus apuni iwɛiren. Ttwasersen deg yimḍalen, ikellusen-agi, war ccekk, sɛan tawuri n leḥris.

François Decret

« I wagdud-agi n yibeḥriyen, Tamdint n igenni d lmirsa aneggaru anda ara awḍen. »

F. Decret, Carthage ou l'empire de la mer (1977)

Pour aller plus loin

Sources de cette page

11 références

Sources antiques

  1. Polybe, ImezruyenVII, 9 — limin n 215
  2. Diodore n Sicile, Axxam n yidlisen n umezruyXIV, 63 ; XIV, 77
  3. Appien, Libyca (Adlis Afriqan) — axxam n tẓallit n Eshmoun ɣef Byrsa
  4. Tira tapunit, Ssuma n isfal n Marseille — d aqarṭaǧi n lɛerq

Travaux modernes

  1. Maurice Sznycer, Carthage et la civilisation punique, PUF, 1978
  2. Azedine Beschaouch, La légende de Carthage, Gallimard, 1993
  3. Hédi Dridi, Carthage et le monde punique, Les Belles Lettres, 2006
  4. Serge Lancel, Carthage, Fayard, 1992
  5. Picard — yettwabedren deg usebter (tsagiwin n imḍalen)
  6. François Decret, Carthage ou l'empire de la mer, Seuil, 1977
  7. Wikipedia, Carthage ; Civilisation carthaginoise — CC BY-SA 4.0, agbur yettwabeddel

Toute la bibliographie →Glossaire →

Ɣer daɣen

Iɣbula

Amseqsi n tofet

Ayen d-qqaren tira tiqdimin akked wayen d-tbeggen tasnegzut n tqedmiwin.

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Lɛerq

Asers n Qarṭaǧ

Elisa, Ṣur akked iyilluten i d-yusan seg Ccerq.

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Imukan

Imukan ipuniyen

Byrsa, tofet, Kerkuan d tsagiwin n imḍalen.

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