Hanibal · Tirrategin

Taẓuri n umennuɣ ɣef leḥsab n Hanibal

Tuffriwin, akal, asali n telɣut d uẖaṣer: seld 22 n leqṛun, tesdawiyin n uɛesskar mazal-itent ttɣaren timenɣiwin-is.

John Trumbull — Lmut n Paul Emile deg temenɣut n Kannas — J. Trumbull — Lmut n Paul Emile di Kannas (1773)

Sin iḥbulen uqbel Kannas

Tegrest n 218 akked tefsut n 217 uqbel Ɛisa — ɣef leḥsab n Bulib d Titus Livyus

Trebya · duǧembeṛ 218

Aman ijamden d tuffra

Ɣer tafrara, iɛeskriyen inumidiyen ɣef wuyis sselɣun Iṛumaniyen, zegren asif ijamden s tɛebbuḏ tilemt. Ɛemmden, qablen aɛesskar yesteɛfan; 2 000 n yergazen n Magun, yeffren deg uɣezdis, ffɣen-d ɣer deffir-nsen.

Qarṭaǧ: Hanibal; gma-s Magun yeffer akked 1 000 n yiɛeskriyen uḍaren ifaẓen akked 1 000 ɣef wuyis ifaẓen.
Ṛuma: Aqunṣul Tiberius Sempronius Longus, iḥeṛṣ ɣef umennuɣ; amdakel-is Scipiyun, yettwajreḥ di Tessinu kra n dduṛan uqbel-agi.
Tagarat: Ɣer 10 000 n Iṛumaniyen zegren tlemmast, rewlen ɣer Plaisance; ayen i d-yeqqimen n uɛesskar yettwahudd neɣ yemẖeṣreq (Bulib).

Agelmam n Trasimen · 21 yunyu 217

Aɛesskar ummid deg usigna

Aḍhur n uqunṣul Flaminyus ikcem ɣer rrif aḥeṛci, ger agelmam d yidurar. Deg usigna, Hanibal yemdel anekcum d tuffeg, sakin yehudd seg yal tama. Ttwaḥebsen zdat waman, Iṛumaniyen ur zemmren ara ad ferqen.

Qarṭaǧ: Ɣer 55 000 n yergazen yeffren ɣef yidurar, deg usigna n tfurar, hudden deg yiwet n tsarutt ɣef tɣezfa meṛṛa n uḍhur.
Ṛuma: Ɣer 30 000 n yilijyuner n uqunṣul Caius Flaminius, deg uḍhur n tikli, ur nfeṛq ara i umennuɣ.
Tagarat: Deg tlata isragen, ɣer 15 000 n Iṛumaniyen ttwanɣan, gar-asen Flaminyus; aṭas ɣemqen mi rewlen. 6 000 n yergazen i gezgren ttuɣalen ɣer deffir deg wass i d-iteddun. Ṛuma tesers Fabius Maximus d adiktatur: ad yemneɛ seg umennuɣ seg imiren, d wayen i d-yefkan isem-is « Cunctator », Amseɛraq.

Kannas, deg tlata n tikwal

2 ɣuct 216 uqbel Ɛisa — ɣer 50 000 n Iqarṭaǧiyen mgal 86 000 n Iṛumaniyen

Iɛeskriyen uḍaren iṛumaniyenAɛesskar aṛumi ɣef wuyisIgaliyen & IberiyenIlibiyen (tifaẓt)Aɛesskar aqarṭaǧi ɣef wuyisAman

Taɣult 1 / 3

Aggur

Deg tlemmast, Igaliyen d Iberiyen kecmen deg tɣenjawt tenfeɣ ɣer zdat, ɣer ilijyun. Ilibiyen, tifaẓt, ṭṭfen deg deffir ɣef snat n tɣelfin.

Tiɣrit-agi, i gettwaxtaren akken ad tili d tarurant ɣer leqdic, tettwasnulfa ad tuɣal ɣer deffir ddawt n ttaẓ aṛumi. Hanibal akked gma-s Magun ttnaɣen s yiman-nsen deg tlemmast, ɣef leḥsab n Bulib.

~50 000

Iqarṭaǧiyen: Igaliyen d Iberiyen deg tlemmast, iɛeskriyen uḍaren ileqqḍen Ilibiyen ɣef tɣelfin, aɛesskar ɣef wuyis iberiyen, igaliyen d inumidiyen

~86 000

Iṛumaniyen d yimɛawanen-nsen: 8 n yilijyun akked waṭas n yimɛawanen, ttraḥmen deg telqey deg tlemmast, aɛesskar ɣef wuyis ɣef tɣelfin

50–70 000

n Iṛumaniyen yettwanɣan ɣef leḥsab n yiɣbula

n yimttanen n Usqamu neɣ iqeḍyan iqdimen i yettwanɣan, ɣef leḥsab n Titus Livyus

Tagarat

Lfer ummid n Qarṭaǧ akked yiwen seg yixsiren ibaṛazen deg umezruy n Ṛuma. Ɣef leḥsab n Titus Livyus, Magun issers zdat Usqamu n Qarṭaǧ ibzimen n ddheb yettwakksen seg iɛeskriyen ɣef wuyis iṛumaniyen yemmuten. Tirrategt n snat n tɣelfin yettwaẕẕayen teqqim d lemtel deg tesdawiyin n uɛesskar.

Zama, lmeslaḥa tettwaqleb

Tubeṛ 202 uqbel Ɛisa — Scipiyun mgal Hanibal, di Tafrikt

IlfanIɛeskriyen uqeṛḍasenIsegmanen ifriqiyenIqeddimen n ItalyaAɛesskar aqarṭaǧi ɣef wuyisIlijyun (tiɣelfin)Aɛesskar aṛumi ɣef wuyisInumidiyen n Masinisa

Axsaṛan ameqqran yiwen i Hanibal

Carthage: Ɣer 36 000 n iɛeskriyen uḍaren, 4 000 ɣef wuyis akked 80 n ilfan. Aɛesskar ur yemsaweɣ ara: iɛeskriyen uqeṛḍasen, isegmanen ifriqiyen akked, deg tmendawt, iqeddimen n Italya.
Rome: Ɣer 30 000 ar 35 000 n iɛeskriyen uḍaren akked 6 000 ar 9 000 ɣef wuyis, gar-asen Inumidiyen n Masinisa: ilijyun ifaẓen akked uɛesskar ɣef wuyis ifaẓen ugar.

Sseqḍaɛ ilfan
Scipiyun yesger tiɣelfin-is, yeǧǧa-d iberdan. Ssuḏent-ten taɣenjawt, ilfan ɛeddan war aẖsaṛan neɣ ẕẕin wten Iqarṭaǧiyen.
Asenhal n yiɛeskriyen uḍaren
Snat n tɣelfin tiqarṭaǧiyin timezwura, iɛeskriyen uqeṛḍasen sakin isegmanen, ttusuffɣent ɣer deffir. Iqeddimen n Hanibal ṭṭfen: amennuɣ iḥerca, ur yefri ara.
Aɛesskar ɣef wuyis ifra
Seld ma sseṭṭaṛen aɛesskar aqarṭaǧi ɣef wuyis, Lelyus d Masinisa uɣalen wten deffir n Hanibal: tirrategt n Kannas, tettwaqleb fell-as.

Tagarat : Lfer aṛumi ifran. Qarṭaǧ texṣeṛ amennuɣ, ilaq-as ad teqbel talwit iḥeṛcen; Hanibal yeqbel axsaṛan, inṣiḥ s yiman-is i Usqamu ad t-yeqbel.

Semmus n leslaḥ n Hanibal

Aɛesskar n Qarṭaǧ →

Goya — Hanibal yettwali Italya seg idurar n Alpes

Akal

Asif ijamden di Trebya, agelmam d yidurar di Trasimen: d netta i gettaẖtaren amkan n temenɣut assaɣen.

Tuffra

Magun yeffer deg uɣezdis di Trebya, aɛesskar ummid deg usigna di Trasimen.

Asali n telɣut

Ismaɣan d ineḍṛen; iẖeddem ṭṭbiɛa n iqunṣulen, iseqdac aḥerṣ-nsen.

Aɛesskar ɣef wuyis

Inumidiyen d Iberiyen, irurad d yimussanen: ifran-d ɣef tɣelfin akked deg uwetta n deffir.

Tiddukla

Ilibiyen, Inumidiyen, Iberiyen, Igaliyen: aɛesskar n waṭas n yigduden yeqqimen ddukklen sḏis mraw iseggasen deg tmurt n ucengu.

Iḍelli → ass-agi

Yettwaselmed deg tesdawiyin n umennuɣ

Deg tirrategt, « xdem Kannas » yuɣal d tanfalit ummid i uẕẕi n uɛesskar.

Almanya · 1909–1913

Schlieffen

Anmhal n ustaf isuffeɣ-d tirebbuɛt n tezrawin s yisem « Cannae »; aɣawas-is n ukcum n 1914 yemmagar-it s telqey.

Iwunak Yedduklen · West Point

Schwarzkopf

Kannas tella d tamenɣut i gesmenyafen anmhal n umennuɣ n Lxlij (1991) asmi yella d anelmad.

Fransa · 1800

Napoleyun

Yeḥsab Hanibal d yiwen seg yiqayden ibaṛazen aṭas, iɣra tinekra-ines send ad yezger netta daɣen idurar n Alpes, ɣer Grand-Saint-Bernard.

Ṛuma → Lundra

Lmeslaḥa tettwaqleb

Akken ad yemneɛ seg Hanibal, Fabius yeǧǧa amennuɣ. Tirrategt-ines « tafabit » tefka-d isem-is armi i tejmaɛt tabritanit Fabian Society.

Pour aller plus loin

Sources de cette page

5 références

Sources antiques

Bulib, ImezruyenIII — Trebya, Trasimen, Kannas
Titus Livyus, Amezruy aṛumiXXI–XXIII — Trasimen, Kannas, ibzimen n iɛeskriyen ɣef wuyis

Travaux modernes

Alfred von Schlieffen, Cannae, 1909–1913 — tizrawin yettwabedren deg usebter
Yann Le Bohec, Histoire militaire des guerres puniques, 2003 — tɣuri tanurfut (tebdart n idlisen n usmel)
Michel Fauquier, Rome et Carthage, 2020 — tɣuri tanurfut (tebdart n idlisen n usmel)

Toute la bibliographie →Glossaire →

Tudrist

Hanibal Barka

Seg Qarṭaǧant ɣer Zama, tudert n unmhal i gesseẖzen Ṛuma.

218 uqbel Ɛisa

Azrug n ilfan

Seg Ṛun ɣer idurar n Alpes: 37 n ilfan akked uɛesskar ummid mgal idurar.

264 – 146 uqbel Ɛisa

Imenɣan ipunikiyen

Tlata n imenɣan, aqeṛn n umennuɣ ɣef Agaraw Alemmas.