221
Ḥader aqcic di Qarṭaǧ
Hasdrubal Ucbiḥ yessuter Hanibal ameẓyan. Hanun yebɣa ad immɣur ddaw iseḥḥaren n temdint, mačči deg wemkan n umenɣi anda ara isselmed ad yenzewi am bab.
Tite-Live, XXI, 3
Amezruy n tudert · Lqern wis 3 send Ɛisa
Yella ɣer 247 – armi d tagara n lqern wis 3 send Ɛisa
Hanun Ameqqran
Argaz n Afrika mgal At Barka
Amenyaf n lqaɛa n Libya deffir, anezwi ur yelhi ara deg umenɣi n yimirsinariyen, amsimɛi n Hamilkar imbeɛd aɛdaw ibeggnen n Hanibal : Hanun, i Yimezwura, d acaraf n Qarṭaǧ n yimawlan ibariyen, win yebɣan talwit akked Ṛuma.
~247
ṭṭef n Hécatompyle, deg lqaɛa n Libya deffir (Diodore)
3 000
iḥebbasen ttwaṭṭfen di Hécatompyle, tamdint tettwaselkem (Diodore, XXIV, 10)
~100
ilfilen deg lɛesker-is zdat Utique, deg 240 (Polybe, I, 74)
30
imeqqranen n Senṭ ttwaznen iwakken ad t-id-sseṛḥben akked Hamilkar (Polybe, I, 87)
Anezwi n tejmaɛt
Anwa i gella d Hanun ?
Ur nessin ara twacult-is, azemz n talalit-is neɣ win n lmut-is. Hanun d-iḍhir deg yiɣbula ɣer 247, d anezwi n Iqarṭaǧiyen di Afrika, yekkes-d mbeɛd umenɣi apuni wis sin. Isem-is wis sin « Ameqqran » ițwaseqdac i t-id-ifaṛqen seg wid yesɛan isem-nni ; tira ssemmant-as abeɛda kan Hanun.
I Polybe am Tite-Live, d udem agejdan n tejmaɛt : tin n yimawlan ibariyen n tmurt tafrikit, ẓedɣen ɣef lekdeb n tmura, ɛadawen tilkiwin n At Barka ibeɛdan. Usmel-agi yesbegen tamsimɛet-agi deg usebter n tnezmariyin.
Tajmaɛt : tanaẓurt n tmuraImsimɛa : Hamilkar, HanibalIɣbula : Polybe, Tite-Live
Lḥader seg wid yesɛan isem-nni
Aṭas n Hanun
- Hanun amsegmaḍ n lebḥerAmeskar yettwaḥesben n Periplus ɣef rrif n Afrika di Lebḥer Aṭlasi (lqern wis 5 ?).
- Hanun, lqern wis 4Amezdaɣ yesɛan tazmert akteṛ deg lweqt-is, Justin (XXI, 4) ibegen-it-id yettɛawad ad yeddem tanezmert ; nețța daɣen tikwal yettusemma « Ameqqran ».
- Hanun di SardaigneYettwazen mgal yimirsinariyen ikkren deg tegzirt, ittwasellab sɣur lɛesker-is s yiman-is (Polybe, I, 79).
- Hanun mmi-s n BomilcarIwakken d arbib n Hanibal, anezwi n yineggafen deg tazegrart n Rhône deg 218.
Abdar n wussan
Ayen i as-qqaren yiɣbula
ɣer 247Afrika d tamezwarut — Anezwi di Afrika lawan n umenɣi deg Sicile, yeṭṭef Hécatompyle, tamdint tilibikit yettwaḥesben, s telqey, d Theveste (Tébessa) — ayen yezmer maca ur mṣadan ara akk fell-as (Diodore, XXIV, 10 ; Polybe, I, 73).
241 – 240Zdat yimirsinariyen — Yettwaklef ad imeslay i yimirsinariyen idduklen di Sicca, yeqqar-asen Lḥekma txuṣṣ idrimen : iɛeskriyen-agi, ur ten-yenzewi ara di Sicile, ḥadren fell-as. Tkerrust tekker (Polybe, I, 66–67).
240Utique — S lmakinat n umenɣi akked azal n meyya n ilfilen, isserɣel ikerrasen seg wemkan-nsen zdat Utique, imbeɛd yețwaṭṭef mi d-uɣalen (Polybe, I, 74).
240 – 238Hamilkar d umgired — Hamilkar yettwasemma d anezwi. Amgired ger sin inezwayen meqqer armi lɛesker ttwasuturen ad fernen : ṭṭfen Hamilkar, Hanun ittwakkes (Polybe, I, 82).
238 – 237Aseṛḥeb s telɣa — Mbeɛd tirẓa zdat Tunes, tlatin n imeqqranen n Senṭ sserfden aseṛḥeb ; Hanun d Hamilkar nyafen Mathos akked snat, fukken umenɣi (Polybe, I, 87–88).
221Mgal « tgelda » n At Barka — Mi gessuter Hasdrubal Ucbiḥ ad d-yas Hanibal ameẓyan ɣer Hispanya, Hanun yegra fell-as deg Senṭ (Tite-Live, XXI, 3).
219 – 218Ad yettwafk Hanibal ? — Mbeɛd ṭṭef n Sagonte, yessuter ad yettwafk Hanibal i Ṛuma iwakken ad iḥader umenɣi. Ur t-ḍfiṛen ara (Tite-Live, XXI, 10).
216Mbeɛd Kan — Lawan i d-yessawel Magun Barka tanyafit, yeqqar-as ad meslayen ɣef talwit lawan yellan deg tezmert (Tite-Live, XXIII, 12–13).
203Agḍiḍ n Hanibal — Yuɣal-d seg Italya, Hanibal yegḍeḍ ccah n Senṭ akked Hanun belli d nutni i d-yesbabben uɣelli-ines (Tite-Live, XXX, 20).
Snat tsertiyin i Qarṭaǧ
Deg lqern wis 3, snat n temuɣliwin mgalent deg Senṭ ; iɣbula sbegnent-tent-id deg sin yirgazen.
Hanun
Tamurt n Afrika
Simɣur d usexdem n tmurt n Libya, aɣbalu n idrimen n yimawlan ibariyen ; aḥadar n umenɣi amaynut akked Ṛuma. Polybe yettales-d taẕayt n tsertit-agi : deg umenɣi apuni amezwaru, ssutren i ifellaḥen ilibikiyen azgen n tmegra-nsen (I, 72) — d ayen i d-ifehhmen amlalay-nsen akked yimirsinariyen.
At Barka
Lebḥer akked Hispanya
Lexlaṣ n uxesser n Sicile s tgelda deg Hispanya, yesɛan nnuqra akked yirgazen, akked uswejed n tririt. Polybe (III, 8), yettales-d ṛṛay n Fabius Pictor, isbeggen-d At Barka ṭṭfen ɣef lmaḥaba n ugdud ; M. Sznycer yekkes idea n tgelda am ta n Igrikiyen.
Amenɣi n yimirsinariyen · 241 – 237
Anezwi ur yelhi ara
Anezwi amezwaru n umenɣi-agi, Hanun d amesnerni ɛziz, akken i t-id-iqbel Polybe, maca d anezwi ur nelhi ara deg umenɣi : yessen ad yesdukkel lɛesker, war ma yezmer ad yeddem tagniţ. Tirẓa-ines teldi abrid i Hamilkar.
Sicca
Yusa-d ad yessuter i yiɛeskriyen ad ǧǧen amur n lexlaṣ-nsen. Amgired yuɣal d tkerrust ldin.
Amkan zdat Utique
Yenyaf deg umenɣi amezwaru s ilfilen, yuɣal ɣer tmdint war ma yḍfaṛ ; ikerrasen uɣalen-d ṭṭfen-as ayla-ines.
Sin inezwayen, yiwen lɛesker
Tamsimɛet-is akked Hamilkar tḥebbes taɛessast : lɛesker yefren Hamilkar (Polybe, I, 82).
Tanyafit n snat
Yettwaṛeḥben sɣur tejmaɛt n Senṭ, yettnaɣ akked Hamilkar lɛesker aneggaru n Mathos, i gettwanyafen i gettwaṭṭfen.
Et aequum postulare videtur Hasdrubal, et ego tamen non censeo quod petit tribuendum. […] Vereor ne quandoque parvus hic ignis incendium ingens exsuscitet.
« Tuttra n Hasdrubal tbanet-d d tin yelhan, maca ur fellaɣ ara ad as-fket ayen i gessuter. […] Uggadeɣ ass ad texleɛ tirgit-agi tamecṭuḥt times tameqqrant. »
Mgal umenɣi n Hanibal
Krad n taqsisin i d-yettwales Tite-Live : qqaren drus ayen i d-yenna Hanun ugar wayen i tebɣa Ṛuma ad tesel.
219 – 218
Afk n Hanibal
Mbeɛd Sagonte, yettales-d talwit yettwagall, iqeddeṛ amenɣi n uxessar, yeqqar-as ad yettwafk Hanibal i ibaɛɛaten iṛumaniyen. Senṭ yefren amenɣi.
Tite-Live, XXI, 10
216
Talwit mbeɛd Kan
Zdat iẓegwan n ddheb i d-yewwi Magun, yesteqsi anwa agdud alatini i yexdeɛen : ulayɣer. Ṛuma ur teknu ara ; d lawan n umeslay.
Tite-Live, XXIII, 12–13
Ɣer Tite-Live s leḥdaq
D amusnaw, s tidet ?
Tite-Live d aɛdaw n Hanibal : yeg Hanun d taɣect n lɛeqel, tin i gessnen kullec send lawan. Taqsisin-agi d asnulfu n tsekla, yettwaran sin iqrunen mbeɛd, mačči d tira n tidet.
Polybe, iqeṛb ugar ɣer tidet, d aqsiḥ ɣef unezwi Hanun. Akked umgired yefrqen ger « lḥizb n Hanun » d « lḥizb n At Barka » yessishil, ammas, urar n tsertit i gebnan s tgallelt ibeddlen.
Mbeɛd Zama
Talwit d talast
Mi gṣuffeɣ Italya deg 203, Hanibal yesmenyif Hanun gar wid i t-yexsren seg tallalt. Mbeɛd Zama (202), tajmaɛt yebɣan talwit tenyaf, tagallelt n 201 tettwaqbel.
Hanun, imir-nni d amɣar, yekkes-d seg yiɣbula. Hanun-nniḏen d-ḍheren deg taqsisin n iseggasen 204–201 akked 150–149 : ulac ayen i d-ibeggnen d yiwen n urgaz i gellan.
Iɣbula
Seg wanda i d-yekka wayen i nessen
Polybe, Imezruyen, IAmenɣi n yimirsinariyen : Sicca, Utique, tamsimɛet akked Hamilkar, aseṛḥeb (I, 66–88).
Diodore, XXIV, 10Ṭṭef n Hécatompyle d uselkem n temdint, yettwaḥerzen deg tucḍiwin.
Tite-Live, XXI, XXIII, XXXTaqsisin mgal umenɣi (XXI, 3 d 10 ; XXIII, 12–13) akked ugḍiḍ n Hanibal (XXX, 20).
AppienTaqsisin-is n tagara n umenɣi apuni wis sin akked wis krad bedren aṭas n Hanun : asleḥ-nsen akked uɛdaw n Hamilkar mazal-it ur yefra ara.
Pour aller plus loinSources de cette page
7 références
Sources antiques
- Polybe, ImezruyenI, 66–67 ; 72–74 ; 79 ; 82 ; 87–88 ; III, 8 — amenɣi n yimirsinariyen : Sicca, Utique, tamsimɛet akked Hamilkar, aseṛḥeb
- Diodore n Sicile, Axxam n yidlisen n umezruyXXIV, 10 — ṭṭef n Hécatompyle (tucḍiwin)
- Tite-Live, Amezruy aṛumaniXXI, 3 ; XXI, 10 ; XXIII, 12–13 ; XXX, 20 — taqsisin mgal umenɣi n Hanibal akked ugḍiḍ n Hanibal deg 203
- Justin, Agzul n Imezruyen Ifilibiyen n Trogue PompéeXXI, 4 — Hanun-nniḏen n lqern wis 4
- Appien, Libyca — aṭas n Hanun, asleḥ ur yefra ara
- Fabius Pictor — adlis yexsaren ; ṛṛay-is ɣef At Barka yettwales sɣur Polybe (III, 8)
Travaux modernes
- Maurice Sznycer, Carthage et la civilisation punique, 1978 — ɣef « tgelda » n At Barka, akken i d-qqaren
